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This is a valuable machine

Толкование Перевод

1 компактный

•
A compact form.

•
This is a valuable machine of small bulk and low cost.

•
We use space- saving printed wiring.

Русско-английский научно-технический словарь переводчика > компактный
2 компактный

•
A compact form.

•
This is a valuable machine of small bulk and low cost.

•
We use space- saving printed wiring.

Русско-английский научно-технический словарь переводчика > компактный
3 de

prep.

1 of.

el coche de mi padre/mis padres my father's/parents' car

es de ella it's hers

la pata de la mesa the table leg

La casa de mi padre The house of my father [My father's house]

2 from (procedencia, distancia).

salir de casa to leave home

soy de Bilbao I'm from Bilbao

de la playa al apartamento hay 100 metros it's 100 meters from the beach to the apartment

3 (made) of (materia).

un vaso de plástico a plastic cup

un reloj de oro a gold watch

4 about (asunto).

hablábamos de ti we were talking about you

libros de historia history books

5 as.

trabaja de bombero he works as a fireman

6 from (time) (since).

trabaja de nueve a cinco she works from nine to five

de madrugada early in the morning

a las cuatro de la tarde at four in the afternoon

trabaja de noche y duerme de día he works at night and sleeps during the day

7 with (causa, modo).

morirse de hambre to die of hunger

llorar de alegría to cry with joy

de una patada with a kick

de una sola vez in one go

de tres en tres three at a time

8 if.

de ir a verte, sería este domingo if I do visit you, it'll be this Sunday

de no ser por ti, me hubiese hundido if it hadn't been for you, I wouldn't have made it

9 to.

Está ansiosa de obtener ese trabajo She is anxious to have that job.

f.

1 letter d.

2 SD, standard deviation.

3 ED, dose of erythema, erythema dose.

* * *

de

► nombre femenino

1 name of the letter d

————————

de

► preposición

1 (posesión, pertenencia) of

■ el libro de Juan Juan's book

■ el coche de mis padres my parents' car

■ el hermano de mi padre my father's brother

■ la mesa de mi habitación the table in my bedroom

2 (procedencia, origen) from

■ soy de Córdoba I'm from Córdoba

■ viene de Barcelona she comes from Barcelona

3 (descripción) with

■ la niña de ojos castaños the girl with dark eyes, the dark-eyed girl

■ el señor del abrigo azul the man in the blue coat

4 (tema) of, on, about

■ hablaron del tiempo they talked about the weather

5 (materia) made of, of

■ una mesa de madera a wooden table

■ un anillo de oro a gold ring

■ lo hicieron de plástico they made it out of plastic

6 (contenido) of

■ un vaso de agua a glass of water

7 (uso) for

■ aguja de calcetar knitting needle

■ gallo de pelea fighting cock

8 (oficio) by, as

■ trabaja de profesor he works as a teacher

■ es médico de profesión he's a doctor by profession

9 (modo) on, in, as

■ de pie standing up

■ estar de moda to be in fashion

10 (tiempo) at, by, in

■ de día by day, during the day

■ de noche at night

■ a las diez de la mañana at ten in the morning

11 (lugar) varias traducciones

■ la vecina de arriba our upstairs neighbour

■ el lavabo de abajo the downstairs toilet

■ la ventana de la derecha the window on the right

■ la puerta de la calle the street door

12 (precio) at

■ manzanas de dos euros el kilo apples at two euros a kilo

13 (medida) measuring

■ una botella de dos litros a two litre bottle

■ una mesa de un metro de ancho a metre-wide table

14 (causa) with, because of, of

■ llorar de alegría to cry with joy

■ morir de frío to die of cold

15 (agente) by

■ es una obra de Lope a play by Lope

16 (con superlativo) in, of

■ el mejor de España the best in Spain

■ el mayor de los tres the eldest of the three

17 (suposición) if

■ de haberlo dicho if he had told us

18 (en una aposición) of

■ la ciudad de Barcelona the city of Barcelona Table 1 NOTA See also del/Table 1

* * *

prep.

1) of

2) from

3) in, at

4) than

5) by

* * *

PREPOSITION

1) [relación] of

las calles de Madrid — the streets of Madrid

el alcalde de Valencia — the mayor of Valencia

cabo de Buena Esperanza — Cape of Good Hope

la ciudad de Madrid — the city of Madrid

en el mes de agosto — in the month of August

un libro de consulta — a reference book

un millón de euros — a million euros

la carretera de Valencia — the Valencia road, the road to Valencia

el interés del préstamo — the interest on the loan

la llave de mi cuarto — the key to my room

en el día de hoy — today

tuvieron la desgracia de perder el partido — they were unlucky enough to lose the match

ya era hora de que vinieses — it's about time you got here

el hecho de que yo no supiera nada — the fact that I didn't know anything about it

2) [pertenencia]

la casa de Isabel — Isabel's house

el coche de mi amigo — my friend's car

un familiar de mi vecina — a relative of my neighbour's

los coches de mis amigos — my friends' cars

el vestuario de las actrices — the actresses' dressing room

la señora de Pérez — Pérez's wife, Mrs Pérez

es de ellos — it's theirs

esa contestación es muy de ella — that answer is typical of her

3) [característica, material]

una cadena de oro — a gold chain

no es de oro — it's not gold

una puerta de cristal — a glass door

una cocina de gas — a gas cooker

este modelo es de electricidad — this model uses electricity, this is an electric model

ropa de buena calidad — good-quality clothes

un billete de primera clase — a first-class ticket

la niña de pelo largo — the girl with the long hair

ese tío del sombrero — that chap with o in the hat

pintado de rojo — painted red

lo tengo de varios colores distintos — I have it in several different colours

4) [contenido]

una caja de bombones — a box of chocolates

una copa de vino — [llena] a glass of wine; [vacía] a wine glass

una bolsita de té — a tea bag

estaba hecha un saco de nervios — she was a bundle of nerves

5) [origen, distancia, espacio temporal] from

soy de Galicia — I'm from Galicia

Julia no es de aquí — Julia is not from round here

los de Madrid son los mejores — the ones from Madrid are the best, the Madrid ones are the best

es de buena familia — he's from a good family

vuelo 507 (procedente) de Londres — flight 507 from London

vive a 20km de Madrid — she lives 20km from Madrid

aléjate del fuego — move away from the fire

marcó un gol a dos minutos del final del partido — he scored two minutes from the end of the match

el tren de Santiago — the Santiago train

el avión pasó a muy poca altura del suelo — the plane flew by at very low altitude

salir del cine — to come out of the cinema
de... a...
vivió de 1898 a 1937 — he lived from 1898 to 1937

de mi casa a la suya hay 5km — it is 5km from my house to his

de mayo a julio — from May to July

del 15 al 30 — from the 15th to the 30th

6) [causa]

murió de viejo — he died from old age

me dolían los pies de tanto andar — my feet were sore from all that walking

de puro cansado — out of sheer tiredness

no podía moverse de miedo — he was rigid with fear

estar loco de alegría — to be wild with joy

saltar de alegría — to jump for joy

7) [manera]

lo derribó de un solo puñetazo — he felled him with a single blow

se puso a mi lado de un salto — he jumped to my side

se lo bebió de un trago — he drank it all down in one go
de... en...
iban entrando de dos en dos — they came in two by two

bajó la escalera de tres en tres — he came down the stairs three at a time

de puerta en puerta — from door to door

8) (=respecto de)

estar mejor de salud — to be in better health, be better

es fuerte de brazos — he has strong arms

paralizado de las dos piernas — paralysed in both legs

es muy estrecho de hombros — he doesn't have very broad shoulders

9) [tema] about

un libro de biología — a biology book, a book on o about biology

hablaba de política — he was talking about politics

no sé nada de él — I don't know anything about him

una clase de francés — a French class

10) [uso]

máquina de coser — sewing machine

goma de mascar — chewing gum

11) [cantidad, medida, valor]

un chico de quince años — a fifteen-year-old boy

un viaje de dos días — a two-day journey

un embarazo de siete meses — a seven-month pregnancy

una moneda de 5 pesos — a 5-peso coin

tiene un metro de alto — it's a metre high

12) [con horas y fechas]

a las siete de la mañana — at seven o'clock in the morning, at seven a.m.

son las dos de la tarde — it's two o'clock in the afternoon, it's two p.m.

muy de mañana — very early in the morning

el 3 de mayo — 3 May ( leído May the third {o}2} the third of May)

13) [tiempo]

de día — during the day(time)

de noche — at night

de niño — as a child

de mayor voy a ser médico — when I grow up I'm going to be a doctor

14) [proporción]

tres de cada cuatro — three out of every four

15) [uso partitivo] of

uno de nosotros — one of us

comió un poco de pastel — she ate a bit of cake

¡había una de gente! — * there were loads of people there! *

16) [autoría] by

un libro de Cela — a book by Cela, a book of Cela's

las películas de Almodóvar — Almodóvar's films

17) [como complemento agente] by

fue amado de todos — he was loved by all

el rey entró seguido de su séquito — the king entered, followed by his entourage

tiene dos hijos de su primera mujer — he has two children by his first wife

18) [en aposición a sustantivos o adjetivos]

el bueno/pobre de Pedro — good/poor old Pedro

el imbécil de Fernández — that idiot Fernández

es un encanto de persona — he's a lovely person

19) [en comparaciones] than

es más difícil de lo que creía — it's more difficult than I thought

más/menos de siete — more/less than seven

más de 500 personas — more than o over 500 people

20) [con superlativos] in

el peor alumno de la clase — the worst pupil in the class

el más caro de la tienda/mundo — the most expensive in the shop/world

es el coche más caro del mercado — it's the dearest car on the market

21) + infin

un problema fácil de resolver — an easily solved problem

un libro agradable de leer — a nice book to read
ser de ({+ infin}8})
es de admirar su lealtad — his loyalty is admirable

es de esperar que recibamos una pronta respuesta — it is to be hoped that we receive a prompt reply

sería de desear que actualizaran su información — it would be desirable for them to update their information

22) [dependiente de formas verbales]

la acusaban de hipócrita — they accused her of being a hypocrite

colmar de elogios a algn — to shower praise on sb

se dio cuenta de que lo sabía — she realized (that) she knew it

de esto se deduce que... — from this it can be deduced that...

disfrutar de la vida — to enjoy life

¿qué esperabas de él? — what did you expect from him?

limpiar algo de polvo — to dust sth

llenar algo de algo — to fill sth with sth

se sirvió de sus amigos para salir de un mal trago — he turned to his friends to help him through a difficult patch

trabaja de camarero — he works as a waiter

lo uso de despensa — I use it as a pantry

vestido de azul — dressed in blue

23) [uso condicional] if

de ser posible — if possible

de haberlo sabido no habría venido — if I had known, I wouldn't have come

de resultar esto así — if this turns out to be true

de no ser así — if it were not so, were it not so

de no — LAm (=si no) otherwise

* * *
I
preposición

Sentido I

1) (en relaciones de pertenencia, posesión)

la casa de mis padres/de la actriz — my parents'/the actress's house

el rey de Francia — the king of France

el cumpleaños de Luis — Luis's birthday

no es de él/de ella/de ellos — it isn't his/hers/theirs

su padre de usted — (frml) your father

es un amigo de mi hijo/de la familia — he's a friend of my son's/the family

un estudiante de quinto año — a fifth-year student

la correa del perro — the dog's leash

un avión de Mexair — a Mexair plane

la tapa de la cacerola — the saucepan lid

las calles de la capital — the streets of the capital

la subida de los precios — the rise in prices

al término de la reunión — at the end of the meeting

2)

a) ( introduciendo un nombre en aposición) of

la ciudad de Lima — the city of Lima

el aeropuerto de Barajas — Barajas airport

el mes de enero — the month of January

b) ( con apellidos)

[de is also part of certain surnames like de León and de la Peña]

Sra. Mónica Ortiz de Arocena — ≈Mrs Mónica Arocena

los señores de Díaz — (frml) Mr and Mrs Díaz

las señoritas de Paz — (frml) the Misses Paz (frml)

c) ( en exclamaciones)

pobre de él! — poor him!

ay de mí! — (liter) woe is me! (liter)

Sentido II

3) (expresando procedencia, origen, tiempo) from

volvía del banco — I was on my way back from the bank

es de Bogotá — she's/she comes from Bogotá

una carta de Julia — a letter from Julia

lo saqué de la biblioteca — I got it out of the library

lo recogió del suelo — she picked it up off the floor

un hijo de su primera mujer — a son by his first wife

al salir de la tienda — as he left the store

un amigo de la infancia — a childhood friend

la literatura de ese período — the literature of o from that period

de un día para otro — from one day to the next

de... a... — from... to...

de aquí a tu casa — from here to your house

de nueve a cinco — it's open from nine to five

4) (al especificar material, contenido, composición)

son de plástico — they're (made of) plastic

una mesa de caoba — a mahogany table

una inyección de morfina — an injection of morphine, a morphine injection

un curso de secretariado — a secretarial course

un vaso de agua — a glass of water

una colección de sellos — a stamp collection

un millón de dólares — a million dollars

5) (expresando causa, modo)

murió de viejo — he died of old age

verde de envidia — green with envy

estaba ronco de tanto gritar — he was hoarse from shouting so much

temblando de miedo — trembling with fear

de memoria — by heart

lo tumbó de un golpe — he knocked him down with one blow

de dos en dos or (CS) de a dos — two at a time

de a poco/de a uno — (CS) little by little/one by one

Sentido III

6)

a) (introduciendo cualidades, características)

es de una paciencia increíble — he is incredibly patient

objetos de mucho valor — objects of great value

¿de qué color lo quiere? — what color do you want it?

tiene cara de aburrido — he looks bored

tienes cosas de niño — sometimes you act like a child

una botella de un litro — a liter bottle

un niño de tres meses — a three-month-old child

la chica de azul/del abrigo rojo — the girl in blue/in the red coat

un hombre de pelo largo — a man with long hair

b) ( refiriéndose a una etapa en la vida) as

de niño — as a o when he was a child

7) (indicando uso, destino, finalidad)

el cepillo de la ropa — the clothes brush

copas de vino — wine glasses

ropa de cama — bed clothes

dales algo de comer — give them something to eat

¿qué hay de postre? — what's for dessert?

8)

a) (al definir, especificar)

el botón de abajo — the bottom button

el vecino de al lado — the next-door neighbor

es muy bonita de cara — she has a pretty face

¿qué tal vamos de tiempo? — how are we doing for time?

tiene dos metros de ancho — it's two meters wide

es fácil/difícil de pronunciar — it's easy/difficult to pronounce

b) ( sentido partitivo) of

¿quién de ustedes fue? — which (one) of you was it?

se llevó uno de los míos — she took one of mine

el mayor de los Soto — the eldest of the Soto children

9) ( con sentido ponderativo)

lo encontré de viejo...! — he seemed so old!

qué de coches! — (fam) what a lot of cars!

10)

a) ( con cifras)

el número de estudiantes es de 480 — there are 480 students

pagan un interés del 15% — they pay 15% interest o interest at 15%

b) ( en comparaciones de cantidad) than

cuesta más de £100 — it costs more than o over £100

pesa menos de un kilo — it weighs less than o under a kilo

un número mayor/menor de 29 — a number over/under 29

c) ( con un superlativo)

es el más caro de todos — it's the most expensive one

la ciudad más grande del mundo — the biggest city in the world

11) ( refiriéndose a una parte del día)

duerme de día y trabaja de noche — she sleeps during the day and works at night

salieron de madrugada — they left very early in the morning

12) ( en calidad de) as

trabaja de secretaria — she works as a secretary

hace de rey en la obra — he plays (the part of) a king in the play

13) (en expresiones de estado, actividad)

de mal humor — in a bad mood

estamos de limpieza general/fiesta — we're spring-cleaning/having a party

14) ( en oraciones pasivas) by

una novela de Goytisolo — a novel by Goytisolo

una casa rodeada de árboles — a house surrounded by trees

Sentido IV

15) ( con sentido condicional)

a)

de + inf: de haberlo sabido, habría venido antes if I had known o had I known, I would have come earlier; de no ser así no será considerada — otherwise it will not be considered

b)

ser de + inf — (expresando necesidad, inevitabilidad)

es de esperar que... — it is to be hoped that...

es de destacar su actuación — her performance is worthy of note
II
femenino: name of the letter d

* * *

= across, in respect for, of, off, out of, from, featuring.

Ex. This arrangement may facilitate browsing across different kinds of materials.

Ex. The author of a document is the person or organisation responsible for its creation, that is, the writer of a text, the illustrator in respect for illustrations and others responsible for the intellectual content of a work.

Ex. These institutes brought together some of the most influential people in the field.

Ex. Having entered the next state and a highway off the turnpike, he was amazed by the extraordinary flatness of the land, especially in contrast to the hilly terrain he had grown up with back home.

Ex. However, out of the enormous abundance of information produced, only 50% is new while the rest is redundant.

Ex. From the analysis of some 5760 questions, Wilkinson and Miller developed a 'step approach' to differentiate reference questions according to how many judgmental steps were required to answer them.

Ex. The exhibition also contains a group of ink drawings featuring self-portraits and portraits inspired by classical sculpture.

----

* abogado de oficio = legal aid.

* actuar de otro modo = do + otherwise.

* alabanza de boquilla = lip service.

* alabar de boquilla = give + lip service.

* autorizado de antemano = pre-authorised [pre-authorized, -USA].

* cambiar de una vez a otra = change from + time to time, vary + from time to time.

* comenzar de nuevo = start + all over again.

* de... a = through.

* de abajo hacia arriba = bottom-up.

* de abolengo = well-born.

* de abordo = in-flight.

* de absorción = absorptive.

* de acá para allá = back and forth, to and fro.

* de acceso público = publicly accessible.

* de acceso rápido = fast-access.

* de acceso restringido = closed access.

* de acción = action-centered.

* de acompañante = in tow.

* de actitud = attitudinal.

* de actuación = for action.

* de actualidad = topical.

* de acuerdo = okay, granted, all right, in concert, in agreement, okeydokey! [okidoki], in consort.

* de acuerdo a = according to.

* de acuerdo con = according to, as far as + Nombre + be + concerned, consistent with, in harmony with, in accordance with, in concert with, in keeping with, in line with, in step with, in tune with, by, pursuant to, in concurrence with, based on, in agreement with, as far as + Sujeto + Verbo, in consonance with, in accord with, judging by, to judge by, in conformity with, in + Posesivo + view, judging from.

* de acuerdo con el tema = thematically.

* de acuerdo con este documento = hereunder.

* de acuerdo con esto = accordingly.

* de acuerdo con la búsqueda de cadenas de caracteres = on a string search basis.

* de acuerdo con la estación del año = seasonally.

* de acuerdo con la ley = according to law.

* de acuerdo con la tendencia hacia = in the trend towards.

* de acuerdo con + Nombre = going on + Nombre.

* de acuerdo con + Posesivo + opinión = in + Posesivo + view, in + Posesivo + opinion.

* de acuerdo con + Posesivo + parecer = in + Posesivo + view, in + Posesivo + opinion.

* de acuerdo con + Posesivo + bolsillo = according to + Posesivo + pocket.

* de acuerdo con + Pronombre = in + Posesivo + opinion, in + Posesivo + opinion.

* de adaptación = adaptive.

* de †frica = African.

* de Africa occidental = West African.

* de agua = water-based.

* de aguas profundas = deep-sea.

* de ahí = therefrom.

* de ahí que = hence.

* de ahora en adelante = from now on, from this point on.

* de Alaska = Alaskan.

* de Albania = Albanian.

* de alcance estatal = nationwide [nation-wide].

* de alcance nacional = nationwide [nation-wide].

* de alcohol = spirit-based.

* de alguna forma = in one way or another, one way or another.

* de alguna manera = in some sense, in some way, somehow, in any sense, some way.

* de alguna otra forma = in any other way.

* de algún modo = in any way [in anyway], somehow, after a fashion, in some form, some way.

* de algún modo + Adjetivo = otherwise + Adjetivo.

* de algún modo u otro = of some sort.

* de algún tiempo a esta parte = for some time now.

* de algún tipo = of some description.

* de algún tipo u otro = of some sort.

* de alta alcurnia = well-born.

* de alta cuna = well-born.

* de alta densidad = high-density.

* de alta energía = high energy.

* de alta fidelidad = hi-fi.

* de alta mar = offshore, sea-going, ocean-going.

* de alta potencia = high power.

* de alta presión = high-pressured, high-pressure.

* de alta productividad = high-performance.

* de alta resistencia = heavy-duty.

* de alta tecnología = high-tech, high-technology.

* de alta tensión = heavy-current.

* de alta velocidad = high-speed.

* de alto abolengo = well-born.

* de alto ahorro energético = energy-saving.

* de alto nivel = of a high order, high level [high-level], high-powered.

* de alto rango = high-ranking, highly placed.

* de alto rendimiento = high-performance, heavy-duty.

* de altos vuelos = high-flying, high-powered.

* de alto voltaje = high-voltage.

* de altura = high, top-notch.

* de altura regulable = height-adjustable.

* de aluvión = alluvial.

* de ámbito estatal = statewide [state-wide].

* de amplio alcance = broad in scope.

* de antaño = of old, age-old, old-time, of yore, of olden days, of yesteryear, bygone, gone by.

* de antemano = in advance (of), beforehand.

* de antes de la guerra = pre-war [prewar].

* de antigua generación = low-end.

* de antiguo = from time immemorial.

* de apariencia = cosmetic.

* de apariencia engañosa = meretricious.

* de aplicación específica = special-purpose.

* de aplicación específica a un equipo de ordenador = hardware-based.

* de aplicación general = general-purpose, of general application.

* de apoyo = enabling, supportive.

* de aprovechamiento = exploitative.

* de aquel entonces = of that day.

* de aquí para allá = back and forth.

* de aquí te espero = tremendous, enormous, humongous [humungous], gianormous.

* de Arabia Saudí = Saudi Arabian.

* de archivo = archival, archive.

* de armas tomar = redoubtable.

* de arranque = bootable.

* de arriba abajo = from top to bottom, from head to toe, from head to foot.

* de arriba hacia abajo = top-down.

* de ascendencia + Adjetivo = of + Adjetivo + descent.

* de asesoramiento = consultative.

* de aspecto = looking.

* de aspecto antiguo = old-face.

* de aspecto complicado = complicated-looking.

* de aspecto delgado = lean-looking.

* de aspecto digno = dignified.

* de aspecto impresionante = impressive-looking.

* de aspecto nuevo = new-looking.

* de aspecto poco profesional = botched-up.

* de aspecto profesional = professional-looking.

* de aspecto ruinoso = run-down.

* de aspecto solemne = dignified.

* de atención básica = preattentive.

* de atención primaria = preattentive.

* de atrás = rear.

* de atrás para adelante = back and forth.

* de aupa = royal.

* de autodesprecio = self-deprecating.

* de autogestión = self-managing.

* de autoprotección = self-protective.

* de autosuficiencia = self-satisfied.

* de baja calidad = poor in detail, low-grade [lowgrade], low-quality, third rate [third-rate], low-end, trashy [trashier -comp., trashiest -sup.].

* de baja intensidad = low-intensity [low intensity].

* de baja ralea = ignoble.

* de bajísima calidad = shoddy.

* de bajo consumo = low energy.

* de bajo contenido en grasas = low fat.

* de bajo crecimiento = low-growing.

* de bajo nivel = lower-level, low-level.

* de bajo precio = low-priced.

* de bajo riesgo = low-risk.

* de balde = for free.

* de barrio = neighbourhood-based.

* de base popular = grassroots [grass-roots].

* de bienvenida = salutatory.

* de boca en boca = word-of-mouth, by word of mouth.

* de bodas = bridal.

* de Boole = Boolean.

* de bote en bote = packed to capacity, choc-a-block, chock-full, densely packed, packed, packed to the rafters.

* de broma = humorously, teasingly.

* de bronce = brass.

* de buena calidad = good-quality.

* de buena disposición = good-natured.

* de buena fama = of good repute.

* de buena fe = bona fide, in good faith.

* de buena manera = good-humouredly, good-humoured.

* de buena reputación = of good repute.

* de buenas = on good terms.

* de buenas a primeras = right off the bat, suddenly, without warning, all of a sudden, just like that.

* de buena vecindad = neighbourly [neighborly, -USA].

* de buena voluntad = in good faith.

* de buen corazón = kind-hearted, good-hearted, big-hearted.

* de buen grado = willing, good-humouredly, good-humoured, good-naturedly.

* de buen gusto = tasteful.

* de buen humor = good-humouredly, good-humoured, in good humour.

* de buenos modales = well-mannered.

* de buen vecino = neighbourly [neighborly, -USA].

* de buen ver = good looking.

* de bulla y corriendo = in a rush.

* de caballo = huge, humongous [humungous], massive, gianormous.

* de cabo a rabo = lock, stock and barrel, from head to toe, from head to foot.

* de cachondeo = teasingly.

* de cada día = day to day [day-to-day].

* de cada + Número + veces + Número = Número + times out of + Número.

* de caderas anchas = wide-hipped.

* de cajón = no-brainer.

* de calidad = authoritative, qualitative, quality, well-made, high-end, quality assured, value-added.

* de calidad inferior = low-grade [lowgrade], substandard [sub-standard], low-end.

* de calidad superior = best-quality, top quality.

* de camino = on the way, while we're at it.

* de camino a = en route for, on + Posesivo + way to, en route to.

* de campo = free-range.

* de campos fijos = fixed-field.

* de campus = campus-wide [campuswide].

* de capa caída = at a low ebb, in (the) doldrums.

* de capa y espada = cloak-and-dagger.

* de capital importancia = momentous, of cardinal importance.

* de cara a = face-to-face [face to face], facing.

* de carácter = in character.

* de carácter público = state-owned, government-owned, state-run, government-run, publicly owned [publicly-owned], publicly supported, publicly held.

* de carne = meaty [meatier -comp., meatiest -sup.].

* de carne y hueso = flesh-and-blood.

* de castigo = punitive.

* de casualidad = by accident, by a fluke, by chance, accidentally, by a stroke of (good) luck, by luck.

* de causas desconocidas = idiopathic.

* de cerámica = ceramic.

* de cerca = at close range, at close quarters.

* de chiripa = by a fluke, by a stroke of (good) luck, by chance, by luck.

* de cierto tipo = of a sort, of sorts.

* de cinco años = five yearly [five-yearly].

* de cinco días de duración = five-day.

* de cinco estrellas = 5-star [five-star].

* de cinco meses de duración = five-month-long.

* de civil = in plain clothes.

* de clasificación = classificatory.

* de clausura = cloistered.

* de clausura de congreso = end-of-conference.

* de cobre = cupric.

* de cojones = badass.

* de colegas = collegial, buddying.

* de Colombia = Colombian.

* de color = coloured [colored, -USA], non-white [nonwhite], full-colour, in colour.

* de color crema = creamy [creamier -comp., creamiest -sup.], creamy [creamier -comp., creamiest -sup.], cream-coloured.

* de color de bronce = brassy.

* de colores = full-colour, multi-colour [multi-color -USA].

* de colores vivos = colourful [colorful, -USA].

* de colorines = brightly coloured.

* de color marroncillo = brownish tinged.

* de color rojo = red-coloured.

* de color rosa = rose-coloured.

* de color verde botella = bottle green.

* de color verde oscuro = bottle green.

* de color y textura parecidos al carbón = carbonaceous.

* de comienzos de + Expresión Temporal = earliest + Expresión Temporal.

* de cómo = as to how.

* de compañeros = collegial.

* de complicidad = knowing.

* de comportamiento = behavioural [behavioral, -USA].

* de comportamiento impecable = prim and proper.

* de conceptos = concept-based.

* de conceptos múltiples = multiple-concept.

* de conducta = behavioural [behavioral, -USA].

* de confianza = reliable, trusted, trusting, reputable.

* de confirmación = confirmatory.

* de conformidad con = in compliance with, in keeping with.

* de conformidad con eso = accordingly.

* de conífera = coniferous.

* de construcción básica = brick and frame.

* de construcción sólida = solidly-built.

* de consulta fácil = scannable.

* de consulta mediante órdenes = command-based.

* de consumo = consumptive.

* de contenido enriquecido = content-enriched.

* de contrabando = bootleg.

* de contrapunto = contrapuntal.

* de Corea = Korean.

* de Corea del Sur = South Korean.

* de corral = free-range.

* de corta duración = short term [short-term].

* de corte + Adjetivo = of a + Adjetivo + nature.

* de cosecha propia = home-grown [home grown/homegrown].

* de costa a costa = coast-to-coast.

* de coste cero = zero-cost.

* de costumbre = usual, usually.

* de creación = authorial.

* de crecimiento continuo = steadily growing.

* de crecimiento más rápido = fastest-growing.

* de crecimiento rápido = fast-growing, fast-evolving.

* de cría intensiva = battery-caged.

* de crianza intensiva = battery-caged.

* de Crimea = Crimean.

* de cristal = glass.

* de crucial importancia = crucially important.

* de cualquier forma = in any event, in any way [in anyway], in any case, in any way at all.

* de cualquier forma posible = in any and all ways.

* de cualquier manera = anyhow, higgledy-piggledy, willy-nilly, in any way at all, in any way [in anyway].

* de cualquier modo = however, either way.

* de cualquier tipo = in any way [in anyway], in all forms.

* de cuando en cuando = every once in a while, every so often, every now and then, every now and again.

* de cuatro días de duración = four-day.

* de cuatro estrellas = four-star.

* de Cuba = Cuban.

* de cuerpo largo = long-bodied.

* de deficiente calidad = poor-quality, of poor quality.

* de delante hacia atrás = front to back, fore and aft.

* de densidad doble = double-density.

* de dentro hacia fuera = inside outwards.

* de derechas = right-wing.

* de derecho = de jure [iure].

* de derecho pero no de hecho = in name only.

* de desarrollo = developmental.

* de desarrollo autónomo = self-evolving.

* de desarrollo rápido = fast-evolving.

* de descargo = exonerating, exculpatory.

* de desconexión = cut-off.

* de descubrimiento reciente = newly-discovered.

* de desecho = discarded.

* de desempate = tie-breaker [tiebreaker], tie-breaking [tiebreaking].

* de desguace = written-off.

* de despedida = valedictory.

* de día = in the daytime, during the daytime, during daytime.

* de día a día = from day to day.

* de diámetro = in diameter.

* de diario = everyday.

* de día y de noche = day and night, night and day.

* de diesel = diesel-powered.

* de diferente modo = differently.

* de diferentes niveles = multi-tiered [multitiered], multi-tier [multitier].

* de diferentes tonalidades de gris = grey scale [gray scale].

* de difícil solución = intractable.

* de dinero = well-to-do, well-off.

* de dirección = directorial, administrative.

* de diseño abierto = open-plan, open-planned.

* de diversa índole = kaleidoscopic, of one type or another, of one sort or another, of one kind or another.

* de diversos tipos = of one type or another, of one sort or another, of one kind or another.

* de diverso tipo = of one type or another, of one sort or another, of one kind or another.

* de doble cara = double-hinged, double-sided.

* de doble filo = double-edged.

* de doble hoja = double-hinged.

* de doble sentido = double-edged, two-way.

* de doble uso = dual-use.

* de dolor = in pain.

* de dominio público = publicly owned [publicly-owned].

* de donde = whence, whence, from whence.

* ¿de dónde si no...? = where else...?, where else...?.

* de dos caras = two-sided, two-faced.

* de dos días de duración = two-day [2-day].

* de dos en dos = two at a time.

* de dos letras = two-letter.

* de dos niveles = two-tier.

* de dos páginas = two-page.

* de dos partidos políticos = bipartisan [bi-partisan].

* de dos patas = two-legged.

* de dos piernas = two-legged.

* de dos pies = two-legged.

* de dos plantas = two-storey [two-story].

* de dos tonalidades = bitonal.

* de dos tonos = bitonal.

* de dos volúmenes = two-volume.

* de duelo = in mourning.

* de duración limitada = timebound [time-bound].

* de Ecuador = Ecuadorian.

* de edad = elderly.

* de edad avanzada = over the hill.

* de edad escolar = school-age.

* de edad mediana = middle-aged.

* de edad universitaria = college-age.

* de elaboración de políticas = policy-forming.

* de ello = thereof, therefrom.

* de ellos = theirs.

* de embalsamar = embalming.

* de emisor a receptor = downstream.

* de encaje = lacy.

* de enmienda = amendatory.

* de ensueño = dream-like [dreamlike], picture-perfect.

* de entonces = of the day.

* de entreguerras = interwar.

* de entre los nuestros = in our ranks.

* de entretenimiento = recreational.

* de envergadura = heavy lifting.

* de época = vintage.

* de epopeya = epic.

* de esa época = of the period.

* de escándalo = outrageous.

* de ese modo = in doing so, in this,, thereby.

* de eso = thereof.

* de espaldas anchas = broad-shouldered.

* de especial importancia = of particular note.

* de espíritu cívico = public-spirited.

* de espíritu comunitario = public-spirited.

* de espíritu libre = free-spirited.

* de esta forma = in this fashion, in this manner, in this way.

* de esta manera = in this fashion, in this manner, in this way.

* de este modo = accordingly, by so doing, by this means, in so doing, in this fashion, in this manner, thereby, this way, thus, this way round, in this way, by doing so, in these ways, this is how, in doing so.

* de este modo, de esta forma, de esta manera = in this way.

* de esto, de lo otro y de lo de más allá = about this and that and everything else.

* de Estonia = Estonian.

* de esto y de lo otro = about this and that.

* de estructura de acero = steel-framed.

* de estructura de madera = timber-framed.

* de Europa del Este = Eastern European.

* de Europa Occidental = Western-European, West European.

* de evaluación = evaluative.

* de éxito = successful.

* de éxito asegurado = sure-fire [surefire].

* de éxito garantizado = sure-fire [surefire].

* de éxito seguro = sure-fire [surefire].

* de expansión = expanded.

* de explotación = exploitative.

* de extensión = in length.

* de extensión normal = standard-length.

* de extremada urgencia = serious.

* de fabricación casera = homemade.

* de fácil acceso = easily available, over the counter, handy.

* de fácil alcance para = within easy reach of.

* de fácil manejo = liftable.

* de facto = de facto.

* de fama = of note.

* de fama internacional = of international renown.

* de fama mundial = world-renowned, internationally renowned, world-renown.

* de felpa = plush.

* de fiar = legit.

* de fichas = card-based.

* de fijación de normas = standard(s) setting.

* de final de año = end-year.

* de final de mes = end-of-the-month.

* de finales del siglo XIX y principios del XX = turn-of-the-century.

* de fin de año = end of the year.

* de fin de milenio = millennial.

* de forma = in form.

* de forma abrumadora = overwhelmingly.

* de forma aceptable = adequately, acceptably.

* de forma adecuada = adequately, fitly, appropriately.

* de forma alternada = in alternating fashion.

* de forma alternativa = alternatively.

* de forma anónima = anonymously.

* de forma aplastante = overwhelmingly.

* de forma apreciable = markedly.

* de forma apropiada = properly, fitly, appropriately.

* de forma audible = audibly.

* de forma autónoma = autonomously.

* de forma caprichosa = capriciously.

* de formación = formative.

* de forma clara = clearly.

* de forma cognitiva = cognitively.

* de forma colegiada = collegially.

* de forma combinada = in combination.

* de forma competitiva = competitively.

* de forma complemenetaria = complimentarily.

* de forma completa = in full.

* de forma completa, en su totalidad, completamente, por extenso = in full.

* de forma concisa = concisely.

* de forma conjunta con = in partnership with.

* de forma considerable = considerably.

* de forma continuada = continuously.

* de forma cuadrada = squarish, square-shaped.

* de forma deductiva = deductively.

* de forma desastrosa = disastrously.

* de forma deshonesta = dishonestly.

* de forma diferente = differently shaped.

* de forma digital = digitally.

* de forma divertida = funnily.

* de forma económica = cost-effectively.

* de forma errática = erratically.

* de forma escandalosa = outrageously.

* de forma especulativa = speculatively.

* de forma estructurada = in a structured fashion.

* de forma exquisita = exquisitely.

* de forma extraña = oddly, funnily.

* de forma federal = federally.

* de forma general = widely, bulk.

* de forma global = holistically.

* de forma graciosa = funnily.

* de forma gratis = on a complimentary basis.

* de forma gratuita = on a complimentary basis.

* de forma grotesca = grotesquely.

* de forma heterogénea = heterogeneously [heterogenously].

* de forma heurística = heuristically.

* de forma humorística = in a humorous vein.

* de forma imaginativa = imaginatively.

* de forma indirecta = circuitous route.

* de forma inesperada = out of the blue, like a bolt out of the blue, like a bolt from the blue.

* de forma innata = innately.

* de forma irregular = erratically.

* de forma lamentable = miserably.

* de forma lógica = in a meaningful way.

* de forma mágica = magically.

* de forma mecánica = mechanically.

* de forma mordaz = pungently.

* de forma mordaz, mordazmente, con sarcasmo = pungently.

* de forma muy parecida a = in much the same way as.

* de forma muy similar a = in much the same way as.

* de forma negativa = in a negative light.

* de forma neutral = neutrally.

* de forma notoria = markedly.

* de forma opcional = optionally.

* de forma óptima = optimally.

* de forma personalizada = on a one-to-one basis.

* de forma poco ética = unethically.

* de forma poco imaginativa = unimaginatively.

* de forma poco profesional = unprofessionally.

* de forma poco razonable = unreasonably.

* de forma positiva = in a positive light, constructively.

* de forma práctica = pragmatically.

* de forma precisa = precisely.

* de forma provocativa = provocatively.

* de forma puntual = occasionally, when necessary.

* de forma que = in ways that.

* de forma que resulta más fácil de entender = in digestible form.

* de forma rara = oddly, funnily.

* de forma recíproca = reciprocally.

* de forma rentable = cost-effectively.

* de forma residual = residually.

* de forma ridícula = grotesquely.

* de forma saludable = healthily.

* de forma sana = healthily.

* de forma significativa = to any significant extent, to a significant extent.

* de forma sistemática = in a systematic fashion.

* de forma sofisticada = sophisticatedly.

* de forma subconsciente = subconsciously.

* de forma sublime = subliminally.

* de forma suscinta = in brief.

* de forma terapéutica = therapeutically.

* de forma tosca = in crude form.

* de forma trágica = tragically.

* de fotograma completo = full-frame.

* de fotograma doble = half-frame.

* de frente = head-on, frontal.

* de fuera = outside, off-side.

* de fuera de la ciudad = out-of-town.

* de fuerza = forceful.

* de funcionamiento = operating, operational.

* de fundamental importancia = of prime importance, critically important.

* de gala = gala.

* de Galileo = Galilean.

* de Gambia = Gambian.

* de gas = gas-powered.

* de generación a generación = from generation to generation.

* de generación en generación = from generation to generation.

* de geofísica = geophysical.

* de gestión = managerial, back-office.

* de gestión del museo = curatorial.

* de Glasgow = Glaswegian.

* de golpe = in one lump, all at once, all at once.

* de grado básico = junior grade.

* de gran ahorro energético = energy-saving.

* de gran belleza = scenic.

* de gran calibre = high-calibre.

* de gran calidad = high-quality, high-grade [high grade], high-calibre.

* de gran capacidad = large-capacity, high capacity.

* de gran colorido = brightly coloured.

* de gran corazón = big-hearted.

* de gran efecto = wide-reaching.

* de gran éxito comercial = high selling.

* de gran formato = oversized, oversize.

* de gran impacto = high impact [high-impact].

* de gran influencia = seminal.

* de granja = free-range.

* de gran lucidez = clear-sighted.

* de gran lujo = top-class.

* de gran potencia = high-powered.

* de gran repercusión = far-reaching, wide-reaching, far-ranging.

* de gran talento = talented.

* de gran valor = highly valued, highly valuable.

* de gran valor histórico = of great historical value.

* de gran venta = high selling.

* de guardia = on duty, duty + Profesión, on call.

* de guasa = teasingly.

* de habla afrikaans = Afrikaans-speaking.

* de habla alemana = German-speaking.

* de habla francesa = French-speaking.

* de habla inglesa = English-speaking.

* de habla portuguesa = Portuguese-speaking.

* de hace años = of years ago.

* de hace muchos años = long-standing.

* de hace mucho tiempo = age-old, long-lost.

* de hace siglos = of yore.

* de hace varios siglos = centuries-old.

* de hasta + Número = of up to + Número.

* de hecho = actually, as a matter of fact, as it happened, de facto, in actual fact, in effect, in fact, indeed, in point of fact, in actuality, as it happens, as it is, effectively, for all intents and purposes, to all intents and purposes, for that matter.

* de hierbas = herbal.

* de hierro = iron, ferric.

* de higos a brevas = once in a blue moon.

* de hoja caduca = deciduous.

* de hoja perenne = evergreen.

* de hojas largas = long-leaved.

* de Homero = Homeric.

* de hongos = fungal.

* de horticultura = horticultural.

* de hoy = present-day.

* de hoy día = of today.

* de hoy en adelante = as from today.

* de hoy en día = of today.

* de huelga = striking.

* de humor = funny [funnier -comp., funniest -sup.].

* de ida y vuelta = return, round-trip.

* de ideas afines = like-minded.

* de igual a igual = as a peer.

* de igual forma = in like manner, in a like manner, in like fashion, in like vein.

* de igual longitud = of equal length.

* de igual manera = by the same token, in like fashion, in like manner, in like vein, in equal measure(s).

* de igual modo = alike, equally, in like fashion, in like manner, in like vein.

* de igual modo que = just as, just as well... as..., along the lines of, on the lines (of).

* de igual + Nombre = equally + Adjetivo.

* de ilusiones vive el hombre = We are such stuff as dreams are made on.

* de imitación = copycat.

* de importancia = of note, of consequence.

* de importancia creciente = of growing importance.

* de importancia crucial = crucially important.

* de importancia fundamental = critically important.

* de improviso = unawares, spur-of-the-moment, on the spur of the moment, unexpectedly.

* de incalculable valor = priceless.

* de incógnito = incognito.

* de inferior calidad = low-end, sub-par.

* de inflexión = inflexional [inflectional].

* de inmediato = immediately.

* de inspiración = inspirational.

* de interés especial = of particular concern, special-interest.

* de intereses similares = of like interest.

* de interés general = general-interest, of general interest.

* de interés humano = human interest.

* de interés periodístico = newsworthy.

* de investigación = exploratory.

* de isótopos = isotopic.

* de izquierdas = left-wing, leftist, lefty.

* de jabón = soapy [soapier -comp., soapiest -sup.].

* de jarana = out on the town, a (late) night out on the town.

* de juerga = out on the town, a (late) night out on the town.

* de Kenia = Kenyan.

* de la "a" a la "zeta" = a to z [a/z o a-z].

* de la adolescencia = teenage.

* de la alcaldía = mayoral.

* de la cabeza a los pies = from head to foot, from head to toe.

* de la cara = facial.

* de la Ceca a la Meca = from pillar to post.

* de la clase blanca, protestante y anglosajona americana = WASPish.

* de la cóclea = cochlear.

* de la columna vertebral = spinal.

* de la comedia = comedic.

* de la corteza = crustal, cortical.

* de la cría de aves = avicultural.

* de la duramadre = dural.

* de la edad media = dark-age.

* de la embajada = ambassadorial.

* de la época = of the time(s), of the day.

* de la época isabelina = Elizabethan.

* de la época victoriana = Victorian.

* de la espina dorsal = spinal.

* de la extensión de un libro = book-length.

* de la fama al olvido = riches to rags.

* de la forma más difícil = the hard way.

* de la forma más fácil = the easy way .

* de la fortuna a la pobreza = riches to rags.

* de la fóvea = foveal.

* de la gama alta = high-end.

* de la gama baja = low-end.

* de la gama inferior = low-end.

* de la guerra = wartime [wart-time].

* de la hipótesis = hypothesised [hypothesized, -USA].

* de la localidad = locally based [locally-based].

* de la malaria = malarial.

* de la mama = mammary.

* de la mandíbula inferior = mandibular.

* de la mandíbula superior = maxillar, maxillary.

* de la manera normal = in the normal manner.

* de la mañana = a.m. (latín - ante meridiam), in the morning.

* de la máquina y el hombre = human-machine.

* de la marina = marine.

* de la mejor forma posible = to the best of + Posesivo + abili.

* * *
I
preposición

Sentido I

1) (en relaciones de pertenencia, posesión)

la casa de mis padres/de la actriz — my parents'/the actress's house

el rey de Francia — the king of France

el cumpleaños de Luis — Luis's birthday

no es de él/de ella/de ellos — it isn't his/hers/theirs

su padre de usted — (frml) your father

es un amigo de mi hijo/de la familia — he's a friend of my son's/the family

un estudiante de quinto año — a fifth-year student

la correa del perro — the dog's leash

un avión de Mexair — a Mexair plane

la tapa de la cacerola — the saucepan lid

las calles de la capital — the streets of the capital

la subida de los precios — the rise in prices

al término de la reunión — at the end of the meeting

2)

a) ( introduciendo un nombre en aposición) of

la ciudad de Lima — the city of Lima

el aeropuerto de Barajas — Barajas airport

el mes de enero — the month of January

b) ( con apellidos)

[de is also part of certain surnames like de León and de la Peña]

Sra. Mónica Ortiz de Arocena — ≈Mrs Mónica Arocena

los señores de Díaz — (frml) Mr and Mrs Díaz

las señoritas de Paz — (frml) the Misses Paz (frml)

c) ( en exclamaciones)

pobre de él! — poor him!

ay de mí! — (liter) woe is me! (liter)

Sentido II

3) (expresando procedencia, origen, tiempo) from

volvía del banco — I was on my way back from the bank

es de Bogotá — she's/she comes from Bogotá

una carta de Julia — a letter from Julia

lo saqué de la biblioteca — I got it out of the library

lo recogió del suelo — she picked it up off the floor

un hijo de su primera mujer — a son by his first wife

al salir de la tienda — as he left the store

un amigo de la infancia — a childhood friend

la literatura de ese período — the literature of o from that period

de un día para otro — from one day to the next

de... a... — from... to...

de aquí a tu casa — from here to your house

de nueve a cinco — it's open from nine to five

4) (al especificar material, contenido, composición)

son de plástico — they're (made of) plastic

una mesa de caoba — a mahogany table

una inyección de morfina — an injection of morphine, a morphine injection

un curso de secretariado — a secretarial course

un vaso de agua — a glass of water

una colección de sellos — a stamp collection

un millón de dólares — a million dollars

5) (expresando causa, modo)

murió de viejo — he died of old age

verde de envidia — green with envy

estaba ronco de tanto gritar — he was hoarse from shouting so much

temblando de miedo — trembling with fear

de memoria — by heart

lo tumbó de un golpe — he knocked him down with one blow

de dos en dos or (CS) de a dos — two at a time

de a poco/de a uno — (CS) little by little/one by one

Sentido III

6)

a) (introduciendo cualidades, características)

es de una paciencia increíble — he is incredibly patient

objetos de mucho valor — objects of great value

¿de qué color lo quiere? — what color do you want it?

tiene cara de aburrido — he looks bored

tienes cosas de niño — sometimes you act like a child

una botella de un litro — a liter bottle

un niño de tres meses — a three-month-old child

la chica de azul/del abrigo rojo — the girl in blue/in the red coat

un hombre de pelo largo — a man with long hair

b) ( refiriéndose a una etapa en la vida) as

de niño — as a o when he was a child

7) (indicando uso, destino, finalidad)

el cepillo de la ropa — the clothes brush

copas de vino — wine glasses

ropa de cama — bed clothes

dales algo de comer — give them something to eat

¿qué hay de postre? — what's for dessert?

8)

a) (al definir, especificar)

el botón de abajo — the bottom button

el vecino de al lado — the next-door neighbor

es muy bonita de cara — she has a pretty face

¿qué tal vamos de tiempo? — how are we doing for time?

tiene dos metros de ancho — it's two meters wide

es fácil/difícil de pronunciar — it's easy/difficult to pronounce

b) ( sentido partitivo) of

¿quién de ustedes fue? — which (one) of you was it?

se llevó uno de los míos — she took one of mine

el mayor de los Soto — the eldest of the Soto children

9) ( con sentido ponderativo)

lo encontré de viejo...! — he seemed so old!

qué de coches! — (fam) what a lot of cars!

10)

a) ( con cifras)

el número de estudiantes es de 480 — there are 480 students

pagan un interés del 15% — they pay 15% interest o interest at 15%

b) ( en comparaciones de cantidad) than

cuesta más de £100 — it costs more than o over £100

pesa menos de un kilo — it weighs less than o under a kilo

un número mayor/menor de 29 — a number over/under 29

c) ( con un superlativo)

es el más caro de todos — it's the most expensive one

la ciudad más grande del mundo — the biggest city in the world

11) ( refiriéndose a una parte del día)

duerme de día y trabaja de noche — she sleeps during the day and works at night

salieron de madrugada — they left very early in the morning

12) ( en calidad de) as

trabaja de secretaria — she works as a secretary

hace de rey en la obra — he plays (the part of) a king in the play

13) (en expresiones de estado, actividad)

de mal humor — in a bad mood

estamos de limpieza general/fiesta — we're spring-cleaning/having a party

14) ( en oraciones pasivas) by

una novela de Goytisolo — a novel by Goytisolo

una casa rodeada de árboles — a house surrounded by trees

Sentido IV

15) ( con sentido condicional)

a)

de + inf: de haberlo sabido, habría venido antes if I had known o had I known, I would have come earlier; de no ser así no será considerada — otherwise it will not be considered

b)

ser de + inf — (expresando necesidad, inevitabilidad)

es de esperar que... — it is to be hoped that...

es de destacar su actuación — her performance is worthy of note
II
femenino: name of the letter d

* * *

= across, in respect for, of, off, out of, from, featuring.

Ex: This arrangement may facilitate browsing across different kinds of materials.

Ex: The author of a document is the person or organisation responsible for its creation, that is, the writer of a text, the illustrator in respect for illustrations and others responsible for the intellectual content of a work.

Ex: These institutes brought together some of the most influential people in the field.

Ex: Having entered the next state and a highway off the turnpike, he was amazed by the extraordinary flatness of the land, especially in contrast to the hilly terrain he had grown up with back home.

Ex: However, out of the enormous abundance of information produced, only 50% is new while the rest is redundant.

Ex: From the analysis of some 5760 questions, Wilkinson and Miller developed a 'step approach' to differentiate reference questions according to how many judgmental steps were required to answer them.

Ex: The exhibition also contains a group of ink drawings featuring self-portraits and portraits inspired by classical sculpture.

* abogado de oficio = legal aid.

* actuar de otro modo = do + otherwise.

* alabanza de boquilla = lip service.

* alabar de boquilla = give + lip service.

* autorizado de antemano = pre-authorised [pre-authorized, -USA].

* cambiar de una vez a otra = change from + time to time, vary + from time to time.

* comenzar de nuevo = start + all over again.

* de... a = through.

* de abajo hacia arriba = bottom-up.

* de abolengo = well-born.

* de abordo = in-flight.

* de absorción = absorptive.

* de acá para allá = back and forth, to and fro.

* de acceso público = publicly accessible.

* de acceso rápido = fast-access.

* de acceso restringido = closed access.

* de acción = action-centered.

* de acompañante = in tow.

* de actitud = attitudinal.

* de actuación = for action.

* de actualidad = topical.

* de acuerdo = okay, granted, all right, in concert, in agreement, okeydokey! [okidoki], in consort.

* de acuerdo a = according to.

* de acuerdo con = according to, as far as + Nombre + be + concerned, consistent with, in harmony with, in accordance with, in concert with, in keeping with, in line with, in step with, in tune with, by, pursuant to, in concurrence with, based on, in agreement with, as far as + Sujeto + Verbo, in consonance with, in accord with, judging by, to judge by, in conformity with, in + Posesivo + view, judging from.

* de acuerdo con el tema = thematically.

* de acuerdo con este documento = hereunder.

* de acuerdo con esto = accordingly.

* de acuerdo con la búsqueda de cadenas de caracteres = on a string search basis.

* de acuerdo con la estación del año = seasonally.

* de acuerdo con la ley = according to law.

* de acuerdo con la tendencia hacia = in the trend towards.

* de acuerdo con + Nombre = going on + Nombre.

* de acuerdo con + Posesivo + opinión = in + Posesivo + view, in + Posesivo + opinion.

* de acuerdo con + Posesivo + parecer = in + Posesivo + view, in + Posesivo + opinion.

* de acuerdo con + Posesivo + bolsillo = according to + Posesivo + pocket.

* de acuerdo con + Pronombre = in + Posesivo + opinion, in + Posesivo + opinion.

* de adaptación = adaptive.

* de frica = African.

* de Africa occidental = West African.

* de agua = water-based.

* de aguas profundas = deep-sea.

* de ahí = therefrom.

* de ahí que = hence.

* de ahora en adelante = from now on, from this point on.

* de Alaska = Alaskan.

* de Albania = Albanian.

* de alcance estatal = nationwide [nation-wide].

* de alcance nacional = nationwide [nation-wide].

* de alcohol = spirit-based.

* de alguna forma = in one way or another, one way or another.

* de alguna manera = in some sense, in some way, somehow, in any sense, some way.

* de alguna otra forma = in any other way.

* de algún modo = in any way [in anyway], somehow, after a fashion, in some form, some way.

* de algún modo + Adjetivo = otherwise + Adjetivo.

* de algún modo u otro = of some sort.

* de algún tiempo a esta parte = for some time now.

* de algún tipo = of some description.

* de algún tipo u otro = of some sort.

* de alta alcurnia = well-born.

* de alta cuna = well-born.

* de alta densidad = high-density.

* de alta energía = high energy.

* de alta fidelidad = hi-fi.

* de alta mar = offshore, sea-going, ocean-going.

* de alta potencia = high power.

* de alta presión = high-pressured, high-pressure.

* de alta productividad = high-performance.

* de alta resistencia = heavy-duty.

* de alta tecnología = high-tech, high-technology.

* de alta tensión = heavy-current.

* de alta velocidad = high-speed.

* de alto abolengo = well-born.

* de alto ahorro energético = energy-saving.

* de alto nivel = of a high order, high level [high-level], high-powered.

* de alto rango = high-ranking, highly placed.

* de alto rendimiento = high-performance, heavy-duty.

* de altos vuelos = high-flying, high-powered.

* de alto voltaje = high-voltage.

* de altura = high, top-notch.

* de altura regulable = height-adjustable.

* de aluvión = alluvial.

* de ámbito estatal = statewide [state-wide].

* de amplio alcance = broad in scope.

* de antaño = of old, age-old, old-time, of yore, of olden days, of yesteryear, bygone, gone by.

* de antemano = in advance (of), beforehand.

* de antes de la guerra = pre-war [prewar].

* de antigua generación = low-end.

* de antiguo = from time immemorial.

* de apariencia = cosmetic.

* de apariencia engañosa = meretricious.

* de aplicación específica = special-purpose.

* de aplicación específica a un equipo de ordenador = hardware-based.

* de aplicación general = general-purpose, of general application.

* de apoyo = enabling, supportive.

* de aprovechamiento = exploitative.

* de aquel entonces = of that day.

* de aquí para allá = back and forth.

* de aquí te espero = tremendous, enormous, humongous [humungous], gianormous.

* de Arabia Saudí = Saudi Arabian.

* de archivo = archival, archive.

* de armas tomar = redoubtable.

* de arranque = bootable.

* de arriba abajo = from top to bottom, from head to toe, from head to foot.

* de arriba hacia abajo = top-down.

* de ascendencia + Adjetivo = of + Adjetivo + descent.

* de asesoramiento = consultative.

* de aspecto = looking.

* de aspecto antiguo = old-face.

* de aspecto complicado = complicated-looking.

* de aspecto delgado = lean-looking.

* de aspecto digno = dignified.

* de aspecto impresionante = impressive-looking.

* de aspecto nuevo = new-looking.

* de aspecto poco profesional = botched-up.

* de aspecto profesional = professional-looking.

* de aspecto ruinoso = run-down.

* de aspecto solemne = dignified.

* de atención básica = preattentive.

* de atención primaria = preattentive.

* de atrás = rear.

* de atrás para adelante = back and forth.

* de aupa = royal.

* de autodesprecio = self-deprecating.

* de autogestión = self-managing.

* de autoprotección = self-protective.

* de autosuficiencia = self-satisfied.

* de baja calidad = poor in detail, low-grade [lowgrade], low-quality, third rate [third-rate], low-end, trashy [trashier -comp., trashiest -sup.].

* de baja intensidad = low-intensity [low intensity].

* de baja ralea = ignoble.

* de bajísima calidad = shoddy.

* de bajo consumo = low energy.

* de bajo contenido en grasas = low fat.

* de bajo crecimiento = low-growing.

* de bajo nivel = lower-level, low-level.

* de bajo precio = low-priced.

* de bajo riesgo = low-risk.

* de balde = for free.

* de barrio = neighbourhood-based.

* de base popular = grassroots [grass-roots].

* de bienvenida = salutatory.

* de boca en boca = word-of-mouth, by word of mouth.

* de bodas = bridal.

* de Boole = Boolean.

* de bote en bote = packed to capacity, choc-a-block, chock-full, densely packed, packed, packed to the rafters.

* de broma = humorously, teasingly.

* de bronce = brass.

* de buena calidad = good-quality.

* de buena disposición = good-natured.

* de buena fama = of good repute.

* de buena fe = bona fide, in good faith.

* de buena manera = good-humouredly, good-humoured.

* de buena reputación = of good repute.

* de buenas = on good terms.

* de buenas a primeras = right off the bat, suddenly, without warning, all of a sudden, just like that.

* de buena vecindad = neighbourly [neighborly, -USA].

* de buena voluntad = in good faith.

* de buen corazón = kind-hearted, good-hearted, big-hearted.

* de buen grado = willing, good-humouredly, good-humoured, good-naturedly.

* de buen gusto = tasteful.

* de buen humor = good-humouredly, good-humoured, in good humour.

* de buenos modales = well-mannered.

* de buen vecino = neighbourly [neighborly, -USA].

* de buen ver = good looking.

* de bulla y corriendo = in a rush.

* de caballo = huge, humongous [humungous], massive, gianormous.

* de cabo a rabo = lock, stock and barrel, from head to toe, from head to foot.

* de cachondeo = teasingly.

* de cada día = day to day [day-to-day].

* de cada + Número + veces + Número = Número + times out of + Número.

* de caderas anchas = wide-hipped.

* de cajón = no-brainer.

* de calidad = authoritative, qualitative, quality, well-made, high-end, quality assured, value-added.

* de calidad inferior = low-grade [lowgrade], substandard [sub-standard], low-end.

* de calidad superior = best-quality, top quality.

* de camino = on the way, while we're at it.

* de camino a = en route for, on + Posesivo + way to, en route to.

* de campo = free-range.

* de campos fijos = fixed-field.

* de campus = campus-wide [campuswide].

* de capa caída = at a low ebb, in (the) doldrums.

* de capa y espada = cloak-and-dagger.

* de capital importancia = momentous, of cardinal importance.

* de cara a = face-to-face [face to face], facing.

* de carácter = in character.

* de carácter público = state-owned, government-owned, state-run, government-run, publicly owned [publicly-owned], publicly supported, publicly held.

* de carne = meaty [meatier -comp., meatiest -sup.].

* de carne y hueso = flesh-and-blood.

* de castigo = punitive.

* de casualidad = by accident, by a fluke, by chance, accidentally, by a stroke of (good) luck, by luck.

* de causas desconocidas = idiopathic.

* de cerámica = ceramic.

* de cerca = at close range, at close quarters.

* de chiripa = by a fluke, by a stroke of (good) luck, by chance, by luck.

* de cierto tipo = of a sort, of sorts.

* de cinco años = five yearly [five-yearly].

* de cinco días de duración = five-day.

* de cinco estrellas = 5-star [five-star].

* de cinco meses de duración = five-month-long.

* de civil = in plain clothes.

* de clasificación = classificatory.

* de clausura = cloistered.

* de clausura de congreso = end-of-conference.

* de cobre = cupric.

* de cojones = badass.

* de colegas = collegial, buddying.

* de Colombia = Colombian.

* de color = coloured [colored, -USA], non-white [nonwhite], full-colour, in colour.

* de color crema = creamy [creamier -comp., creamiest -sup.], creamy [creamier -comp., creamiest -sup.], cream-coloured.

* de color de bronce = brassy.

* de colores = full-colour, multi-colour [multi-color -USA].

* de colores vivos = colourful [colorful, -USA].

* de colorines = brightly coloured.

* de color marroncillo = brownish tinged.

* de color rojo = red-coloured.

* de color rosa = rose-coloured.

* de color verde botella = bottle green.

* de color verde oscuro = bottle green.

* de color y textura parecidos al carbón = carbonaceous.

* de comienzos de + Expresión Temporal = earliest + Expresión Temporal.

* de cómo = as to how.

* de compañeros = collegial.

* de complicidad = knowing.

* de comportamiento = behavioural [behavioral, -USA].

* de comportamiento impecable = prim and proper.

* de conceptos = concept-based.

* de conceptos múltiples = multiple-concept.

* de conducta = behavioural [behavioral, -USA].

* de confianza = reliable, trusted, trusting, reputable.

* de confirmación = confirmatory.

* de conformidad con = in compliance with, in keeping with.

* de conformidad con eso = accordingly.

* de conífera = coniferous.

* de construcción básica = brick and frame.

* de construcción sólida = solidly-built.

* de consulta fácil = scannable.

* de consulta mediante órdenes = command-based.

* de consumo = consumptive.

* de contenido enriquecido = content-enriched.

* de contrabando = bootleg.

* de contrapunto = contrapuntal.

* de Corea = Korean.

* de Corea del Sur = South Korean.

* de corral = free-range.

* de corta duración = short term [short-term].

* de corte + Adjetivo = of a + Adjetivo + nature.

* de cosecha propia = home-grown [home grown/homegrown].

* de costa a costa = coast-to-coast.

* de coste cero = zero-cost.

* de costumbre = usual, usually.

* de creación = authorial.

* de crecimiento continuo = steadily growing.

* de crecimiento más rápido = fastest-growing.

* de crecimiento rápido = fast-growing, fast-evolving.

* de cría intensiva = battery-caged.

* de crianza intensiva = battery-caged.

* de Crimea = Crimean.

* de cristal = glass.

* de crucial importancia = crucially important.

* de cualquier forma = in any event, in any way [in anyway], in any case, in any way at all.

* de cualquier forma posible = in any and all ways.

* de cualquier manera = anyhow, higgledy-piggledy, willy-nilly, in any way at all, in any way [in anyway].

* de cualquier modo = however, either way.

* de cualquier tipo = in any way [in anyway], in all forms.

* de cuando en cuando = every once in a while, every so often, every now and then, every now and again.

* de cuatro días de duración = four-day.

* de cuatro estrellas = four-star.

* de Cuba = Cuban.

* de cuerpo largo = long-bodied.

* de deficiente calidad = poor-quality, of poor quality.

* de delante hacia atrás = front to back, fore and aft.

* de densidad doble = double-density.

* de dentro hacia fuera = inside outwards.

* de derechas = right-wing.

* de derecho = de jure [iure].

* de derecho pero no de hecho = in name only.

* de desarrollo = developmental.

* de desarrollo autónomo = self-evolving.

* de desarrollo rápido = fast-evolving.

* de descargo = exonerating, exculpatory.

* de desconexión = cut-off.

* de descubrimiento reciente = newly-discovered.

* de desecho = discarded.

* de desempate = tie-breaker [tiebreaker], tie-breaking [tiebreaking].

* de desguace = written-off.

* de despedida = valedictory.

* de día = in the daytime, during the daytime, during daytime.

* de día a día = from day to day.

* de diámetro = in diameter.

* de diario = everyday.

* de día y de noche = day and night, night and day.

* de diesel = diesel-powered.

* de diferente modo = differently.

* de diferentes niveles = multi-tiered [multitiered], multi-tier [multitier].

* de diferentes tonalidades de gris = grey scale [gray scale].

* de difícil solución = intractable.

* de dinero = well-to-do, well-off.

* de dirección = directorial, administrative.

* de diseño abierto = open-plan, open-planned.

* de diversa índole = kaleidoscopic, of one type or another, of one sort or another, of one kind or another.

* de diversos tipos = of one type or another, of one sort or another, of one kind or another.

* de diverso tipo = of one type or another, of one sort or another, of one kind or another.

* de doble cara = double-hinged, double-sided.

* de doble filo = double-edged.

* de doble hoja = double-hinged.

* de doble sentido = double-edged, two-way.

* de doble uso = dual-use.

* de dolor = in pain.

* de dominio público = publicly owned [publicly-owned].

* de donde = whence, whence, from whence.

* ¿de dónde si no...? = where else...?, where else...?.

* de dos caras = two-sided, two-faced.

* de dos días de duración = two-day [2-day].

* de dos en dos = two at a time.

* de dos letras = two-letter.

* de dos niveles = two-tier.

* de dos páginas = two-page.

* de dos partidos políticos = bipartisan [bi-partisan].

* de dos patas = two-legged.

* de dos piernas = two-legged.

* de dos pies = two-legged.

* de dos plantas = two-storey [two-story].

* de dos tonalidades = bitonal.

* de dos tonos = bitonal.

* de dos volúmenes = two-volume.

* de duelo = in mourning.

* de duración limitada = timebound [time-bound].

* de Ecuador = Ecuadorian.

* de edad = elderly.

* de edad avanzada = over the hill.

* de edad escolar = school-age.

* de edad mediana = middle-aged.

* de edad universitaria = college-age.

* de elaboración de políticas = policy-forming.

* de ello = thereof, therefrom.

* de ellos = theirs.

* de embalsamar = embalming.

* de emisor a receptor = downstream.

* de encaje = lacy.

* de enmienda = amendatory.

* de ensueño = dream-like [dreamlike], picture-perfect.

* de entonces = of the day.

* de entreguerras = interwar.

* de entre los nuestros = in our ranks.

* de entretenimiento = recreational.

* de envergadura = heavy lifting.

* de época = vintage.

* de epopeya = epic.

* de esa época = of the period.

* de escándalo = outrageous.

* de ese modo = in doing so, in this,, thereby.

* de eso = thereof.

* de espaldas anchas = broad-shouldered.

* de especial importancia = of particular note.

* de espíritu cívico = public-spirited.

* de espíritu comunitario = public-spirited.

* de espíritu libre = free-spirited.

* de esta forma = in this fashion, in this manner, in this way.

* de esta manera = in this fashion, in this manner, in this way.

* de este modo = accordingly, by so doing, by this means, in so doing, in this fashion, in this manner, thereby, this way, thus, this way round, in this way, by doing so, in these ways, this is how, in doing so.

* de este modo, de esta forma, de esta manera = in this way.

* de esto, de lo otro y de lo de más allá = about this and that and everything else.

* de Estonia = Estonian.

* de esto y de lo otro = about this and that.

* de estructura de acero = steel-framed.

* de estructura de madera = timber-framed.

* de Europa del Este = Eastern European.

* de Europa Occidental = Western-European, West European.

* de evaluación = evaluative.

* de éxito = successful.

* de éxito asegurado = sure-fire [surefire].

* de éxito garantizado = sure-fire [surefire].

* de éxito seguro = sure-fire [surefire].

* de expansión = expanded.

* de explotación = exploitative.

* de extensión = in length.

* de extensión normal = standard-length.

* de extremada urgencia = serious.

* de fabricación casera = homemade.

* de fácil acceso = easily available, over the counter, handy.

* de fácil alcance para = within easy reach of.

* de fácil manejo = liftable.

* de facto = de facto.

* de fama = of note.

* de fama internacional = of international renown.

* de fama mundial = world-renowned, internationally renowned, world-renown.

* de felpa = plush.

* de fiar = legit.

* de fichas = card-based.

* de fijación de normas = standard(s) setting.

* de final de año = end-year.

* de final de mes = end-of-the-month.

* de finales del siglo XIX y principios del XX = turn-of-the-century.

* de fin de año = end of the year.

* de fin de milenio = millennial.

* de forma = in form.

* de forma abrumadora = overwhelmingly.

* de forma aceptable = adequately, acceptably.

* de forma adecuada = adequately, fitly, appropriately.

* de forma alternada = in alternating fashion.

* de forma alternativa = alternatively.

* de forma anónima = anonymously.

* de forma aplastante = overwhelmingly.

* de forma apreciable = markedly.

* de forma apropiada = properly, fitly, appropriately.

* de forma audible = audibly.

* de forma autónoma = autonomously.

* de forma caprichosa = capriciously.

* de formación = formative.

* de forma clara = clearly.

* de forma cognitiva = cognitively.

* de forma colegiada = collegially.

* de forma combinada = in combination.

* de forma competitiva = competitively.

* de forma complemenetaria = complimentarily.

* de forma completa = in full.

* de forma completa, en su totalidad, completamente, por extenso = in full.

* de forma concisa = concisely.

* de forma conjunta con = in partnership with.

* de forma considerable = considerably.

* de forma continuada = continuously.

* de forma cuadrada = squarish, square-shaped.

* de forma deductiva = deductively.

* de forma desastrosa = disastrously.

* de forma deshonesta = dishonestly.

* de forma diferente = differently shaped.

* de forma digital = digitally.

* de forma divertida = funnily.

* de forma económica = cost-effectively.

* de forma errática = erratically.

* de forma escandalosa = outrageously.

* de forma especulativa = speculatively.

* de forma estructurada = in a structured fashion.

* de forma exquisita = exquisitely.

* de forma extraña = oddly, funnily.

* de forma federal = federally.

* de forma general = widely, bulk.

* de forma global = holistically.

* de forma graciosa = funnily.

* de forma gratis = on a complimentary basis.

* de forma gratuita = on a complimentary basis.

* de forma grotesca = grotesquely.

* de forma heterogénea = heterogeneously [heterogenously].

* de forma heurística = heuristically.

* de forma humorística = in a humorous vein.

* de forma imaginativa = imaginatively.

* de forma indirecta = circuitous route.

* de forma inesperada = out of the blue, like a bolt out of the blue, like a bolt from the blue.

* de forma innata = innately.

* de forma irregular = erratically.

* de forma lamentable = miserably.

* de forma lógica = in a meaningful way.

* de forma mágica = magically.

* de forma mecánica = mechanically.

* de forma mordaz = pungently.

* de forma mordaz, mordazmente, con sarcasmo = pungently.

* de forma muy parecida a = in much the same way as.

* de forma muy similar a = in much the same way as.

* de forma negativa = in a negative light.

* de forma neutral = neutrally.

* de forma notoria = markedly.

* de forma opcional = optionally.

* de forma óptima = optimally.

* de forma personalizada = on a one-to-one basis.

* de forma poco ética = unethically.

* de forma poco imaginativa = unimaginatively.

* de forma poco profesional = unprofessionally.

* de forma poco razonable = unreasonably.

* de forma positiva = in a positive light, constructively.

* de forma práctica = pragmatically.

* de forma precisa = precisely.

* de forma provocativa = provocatively.

* de forma puntual = occasionally, when necessary.

* de forma que = in ways that.

* de forma que resulta más fácil de entender = in digestible form.

* de forma rara = oddly, funnily.

* de forma recíproca = reciprocally.

* de forma rentable = cost-effectively.

* de forma residual = residually.

* de forma ridícula = grotesquely.

* de forma saludable = healthily.

* de forma sana = healthily.

* de forma significativa = to any significant extent, to a significant extent.

* de forma sistemática = in a systematic fashion.

* de forma sofisticada = sophisticatedly.

* de forma subconsciente = subconsciously.

* de forma sublime = subliminally.

* de forma suscinta = in brief.

* de forma terapéutica = therapeutically.

* de forma tosca = in crude form.

* de forma trágica = tragically.

* de fotograma completo = full-frame.

* de fotograma doble = half-frame.

* de frente = head-on, frontal.

* de fuera = outside, off-side.

* de fuera de la ciudad = out-of-town.

* de fuerza = forceful.

* de funcionamiento = operating, operational.

* de fundamental importancia = of prime importance, critically important.

* de gala = gala.

* de Galileo = Galilean.

* de Gambia = Gambian.

* de gas = gas-powered.

* de generación a generación = from generation to generation.

* de generación en generación = from generation to generation.

* de geofísica = geophysical.

* de gestión = managerial, back-office.

* de gestión del museo = curatorial.

* de Glasgow = Glaswegian.

* de golpe = in one lump, all at once, all at once.

* de grado básico = junior grade.

* de gran ahorro energético = energy-saving.

* de gran belleza = scenic.

* de gran calibre = high-calibre.

* de gran calidad = high-quality, high-grade [high grade], high-calibre.

* de gran capacidad = large-capacity, high capacity.

* de gran colorido = brightly coloured.

* de gran corazón = big-hearted.

* de gran efecto = wide-reaching.

* de gran éxito comercial = high selling.

* de gran formato = oversized, oversize.

* de gran impacto = high impact [high-impact].

* de gran influencia = seminal.

* de granja = free-range.

* de gran lucidez = clear-sighted.

* de gran lujo = top-class.

* de gran potencia = high-powered.

* de gran repercusión = far-reaching, wide-reaching, far-ranging.

* de gran talento = talented.

* de gran valor = highly valued, highly valuable.

* de gran valor histórico = of great historical value.

* de gran venta = high selling.

* de guardia = on duty, duty + Profesión, on call.

* de guasa = teasingly.

* de habla afrikaans = Afrikaans-speaking.

* de habla alemana = German-speaking.

* de habla francesa = French-speaking.

* de habla inglesa = English-speaking.

* de habla portuguesa = Portuguese-speaking.

* de hace años = of years ago.

* de hace muchos años = long-standing.

* de hace mucho tiempo = age-old, long-lost.

* de hace siglos = of yore.

* de hace varios siglos = centuries-old.

* de hasta + Número = of up to + Número.

* de hecho = actually, as a matter of fact, as it happened, de facto, in actual fact, in effect, in fact, indeed, in point of fact, in actuality, as it happens, as it is, effectively, for all intents and purposes, to all intents and purposes, for that matter.

* de hierbas = herbal.

* de hierro = iron, ferric.

* de higos a brevas = once in a blue moon.

* de hoja caduca = deciduous.

* de hoja perenne = evergreen.

* de hojas largas = long-leaved.

* de Homero = Homeric.

* de hongos = fungal.

* de horticultura = horticultural.

* de hoy = present-day.

* de hoy día = of today.

* de hoy en adelante = as from today.

* de hoy en día = of today.

* de huelga = striking.

* de humor = funny [funnier -comp., funniest -sup.].

* de ida y vuelta = return, round-trip.

* de ideas afines = like-minded.

* de igual a igual = as a peer.

* de igual forma = in like manner, in a like manner, in like fashion, in like vein.

* de igual longitud = of equal length.

* de igual manera = by the same token, in like fashion, in like manner, in like vein, in equal measure(s).

* de igual modo = alike, equally, in like fashion, in like manner, in like vein.

* de igual modo que = just as, just as well... as..., along the lines of, on the lines (of).

* de igual + Nombre = equally + Adjetivo.

* de ilusiones vive el hombre = We are such stuff as dreams are made on.

* de imitación = copycat.

* de importancia = of note, of consequence.

* de importancia creciente = of growing importance.

* de importancia crucial = crucially important.

* de importancia fundamental = critically important.

* de improviso = unawares, spur-of-the-moment, on the spur of the moment, unexpectedly.

* de incalculable valor = priceless.

* de incógnito = incognito.

* de inferior calidad = low-end, sub-par.

* de inflexión = inflexional [inflectional].

* de inmediato = immediately.

* de inspiración = inspirational.

* de interés especial = of particular concern, special-interest.

* de intereses similares = of like interest.

* de interés general = general-interest, of general interest.

* de interés humano = human interest.

* de interés periodístico = newsworthy.

* de investigación = exploratory.

* de isótopos = isotopic.

* de izquierdas = left-wing, leftist, lefty.

* de jabón = soapy [soapier -comp., soapiest -sup.].

* de jarana = out on the town, a (late) night out on the town.

* de juerga = out on the town, a (late) night out on the town.

* de Kenia = Kenyan.

* de la "a" a la "zeta" = a to z [a/z o a-z].

* de la adolescencia = teenage.

* de la alcaldía = mayoral.

* de la cabeza a los pies = from head to foot, from head to toe.

* de la cara = facial.

* de la Ceca a la Meca = from pillar to post.

* de la clase blanca, protestante y anglosajona americana = WASPish.

* de la cóclea = cochlear.

* de la columna vertebral = spinal.

* de la comedia = comedic.

* de la corteza = crustal, cortical.

* de la cría de aves = avicultural.

* de la duramadre = dural.

* de la edad media = dark-age.

* de la embajada = ambassadorial.

* de la época = of the time(s), of the day.

* de la época isabelina = Elizabethan.

* de la época victoriana = Victorian.

* de la espina dorsal = spinal.

* de la extensión de un libro = book-length.

* de la fama al olvido = riches to rags.

* de la forma más difícil = the hard way.

* de la forma más fácil = the easy way.

* de la fortuna a la pobreza = riches to rags.

* de la fóvea = foveal.

* de la gama alta = high-end.

* de la gama baja = low-end.

* de la gama inferior = low-end.

* de la guerra = wartime [wart-time].

* de la hipótesis = hypothesised [hypothesized, -USA].

* de la localidad = locally based [locally-based].

* de la malaria = malarial.

* de la mama = mammary.

* de la mandíbula inferior = mandibular.

* de la mandíbula superior = maxillar, maxillary.

* de la manera normal = in the normal manner.

* de la mañana = a.m. (latín - ante meridiam), in the morning.

* de la máquina y el hombre = human-machine.

* de la marina = marine.

* de la mejor forma posible = to the best of + Posesivo + abili

* * *

de¹

prep

[ Grammar notes (Spanish) ]

Sentido I

A

(en relaciones de pertenencia, posesión): la casa de mi hermano/de mis padres/de la actriz my brother's/my parents'/the actress's house

el rey de Francia the king of France

el cumpleaños de Luis Luis's birthday

el cumpleaños de la esposa de un compañero a colleague's wife's birthday, the birthday of the wife of one of my colleagues

no es de él/de ella/de ellos it isn't his/hers/theirs

su padre de usted ( frml); your father

un amigo de mi hijo a friend of my son's

es un amigo de la familia he's a friend of the family o a family friend

un estudiante de quinto año a fifth-year student

el nieto de los Arteaga the Arteagas' grandson

la mesa de la cocina the kitchen table

la correa del perro the dog's leash

un avión de Mexair a Mexair plane

la tapa de la cacerola the saucepan lid

las calles de la capital the streets of the capital, the capital's streets

la subida de los precios the rise in prices

al término de la reunión at the end of the meeting

B

1 (introduciendo un nombre en aposición) of

la ciudad de Lima the city of Lima

el aeropuerto de Barajas Barajas airport

el mes de enero the month of January

el imbécil de tu hermano that stupid brother of yours, your stupid brother

el bueno de Ricardo le aguanta cualquier cosa Ricardo is so good, he puts up with anything from her

2

(en exclamaciones): ¡pobre de él! poor him!

¡triste de quien no conozca ese sentimiento! ( liter); pity the person who has never experienced that feeling! ( liter)

C

(con apellidos): Sra. Mónica Ortiz de Arocena ≈ Mrs Mónica Arocena

los señores de Rucabado ( frml); Mr and Mrs Rucabado

las señoritas de Paz ( frml); the Misses Paz ( frml) [de is also part of certain surnames like de León and de la Peña]

D

( Arg crit) (a casa de): voy del médico I'm going to the doctor's

Sentido II

A

1

(expresando procedencia, origen): volvía de clase/del banco I was on my way back from my class/from the bank

es de Bogotá she's from Bogotá, she comes from Bogotá

lo saqué de la biblioteca I got it out of the library

lo recogió del suelo she picked it up off the floor

mis amigos de América my American friends, my friends from America

he recibido carta de Julia I've had a letter from Julia

un hijo de su primera mujer a son by his first wife

al salir de la tienda as he left the store

DE … A …:

de aquí a tu casa from here to your house

2 (en el tiempo) from

un amigo de la infancia a childhood friend

data del siglo XVII it dates from the 17th century

la literatura de ese período the literature of o from that period

lo conozco de cuando estuve en Rosales I know him from when I was in Rosales

de un día para otro from one day to the next

DE … A …:

está abierto de nueve a cinco it's open from nine to five o between nine and five

de aquí a que termine tenemos para rato it'll be a while yet before he finishes, he won't be finished for a while yet

B

(expresando causa): murió de viejo he died of old age

verde de envidia green with envy

estaba ronco de tanto gritar he was hoarse from shouting so much

eso es de comer tan poco that's what comes from o of eating so little

Sentido III

A

(introduciendo cualidades, características): es de una paciencia increíble he is incredibly patient, he is a man of incredible patience

un chiste de muy mal gusto a joke in very bad taste

objetos de mucho valor objects of great value

un pez de agua dulce a freshwater fish

¿de qué color lo quiere? what color do you want it?

tiene cara de aburrido he looks bored

ese gesto es muy de su madre that gesture is very reminiscent of his mother

tienes cosas de niño malcriado sometimes you act like a spoiled child

una botella de un litro a liter bottle

un niño de tres meses a three-month-old child

déme de las de 200 pesos el kilo give me some of those o some of the ones at 200 pesos a kilo

la chica del abrigo rojo the girl with o in the red coat

la señora de azul the lady in blue

un hombre de pelo largo a man with long hair

un anciano de bastón an old man with a stick [de is part of many compounds like cinturón de seguridad, hombre de negocios, válvula de escape, etc ]

B

(al especificar material, contenido, composición): una mesa de caoba a mahogany table

una inyección de morfina an injection of morphine, a morphine injection

el complemento ideal de todo plato de pescado the ideal complement to any fish dish

son de plástico they're (made of) plastic

un curso de secretariado a secretarial course

nos sirvió una copa de champán she gave us a glass of champagne

una colección de sellos a stamp collection, a collection of stamps

un millón de dólares a million dollars

C

(con sentido ponderativo): ¡lo encontré de viejo …! he seemed so old!

¡qué de coches! ( fam); what a lot of cars!

D

(al definir, especificar): tuvo la suerte de conseguirlo she was lucky enough to get it

aprieta el botón de abajo press the bottom button

E

1

(con cifras): el número de estudiantes es de 480 the number of students is 480, there are 480 students

pagan un interés del 15% they pay 15% interest o interest at 15%

2 (en comparaciones de cantidad) than

cuesta más de £100 it costs more than o over £100

pesa menos de un kilo it weighs less than o under a kilo

un número mayor/menor de 29 a number over/under 29

3

(en expresiones de modo): lo tumbó de un golpe he knocked him down with one blow

subió los escalones de dos en dos he went up the stairs two at a time

de a poco (CS); little by little, gradually

4

(CS): de a cuatro/ocho/diez: colócalos de a dos/cuatro put them in twos/fours

entraron de a uno they went in one by one o one at a time [de is part of many expressions entered under frente² m A 2. (↑ frente (2)), improviso, prisa etc]

F (en calidad de) as

está de profesor en una academia he's working as a teacher in a private school

le ofrecieron un puesto de redactor they offered him a job as an editor

hace de enanito en la obra he plays (the part of) a dwarf in the play

le habló de hombre a hombre he talked to him man to man

G

1

(limitando lo expresado a determinado aspecto): es muy bonita de cara she has a pretty face

es corto de talle/ancho de hombros he's short-waisted/broad-shouldered

es sorda de un oído she's deaf in one ear

¿qué tal vamos de tiempo? how are we doing for time?

tiene dos metros de ancho it's two meters wide

2

(refiriéndose a una etapa de la vida): de niño as a child, when he was a child

H

(en expresiones de estado, actividad): estaba de mal humor she was in a bad mood

estamos de limpieza general we're spring-cleaning [de is part of many expressions entered under juerga, picnic, obra etc]

I

(indicando uso, destino, finalidad): el cepillo de la ropa the clothes brush

el trapo de limpiar la plata the cloth for cleaning the silver

lo sirvió en copas de champán he served it in champagne glasses

dales algo de comer give them something to eat

¿qué hay de postre? what's for dessert? [de is part of many compounds like cuchara de servir, máquina de coser, saco de dormir, etc]

J (introduciendo el complemento agente) by

una novela de Goytisolo a novel by Goytisolo, a Goytisolo novel

seguidos del resto de la familia followed by the rest of the family

una casa rodeada de árboles a house surrounded by trees

viene acompañado de arroz it is served with rice

acompañado de su señora esposa ( frml); accompanied by his wife

Sentido IV

A

1 (sentido partitivo) of

¿quién de ustedes fue? which (one) of you was it?

se llevó uno de los míos she took one of mine

el mayor de los Rodríguez the eldest of the Rodríguez children

un cigarrillo de ésos que apestan one of those cigarettes that stink

2

(con un superlativo): eligió el más caro de todos she chose the most expensive one of all

la ciudad más grande del mundo the biggest city in the world

B

(refiriéndose a una parte del día): a las once de la mañana/de la noche at eleven in the morning/at night

duerme de día y trabaja de noche she sleeps during the day and works at night

salieron de madrugada they left very early in the morning

ver tb mañana³ f A. (↑ mañana (3)), tarde² (↑ tarde (2)), etc

Sentido V (con sentido condicional)

A DE + INF:

de haberlo sabido, habría venido antes if I had known, I would have come earlier o had I known, I would have come earlier

de no ser así no será considerada otherwise it will not be considered

de continuar este estado de cosas if this state of affairs persists

B SER DE + INF

(expresando necesidad, inevitabilidad): es de esperar que … it is to be hoped that …, one hopes that …

no son de fiar they are not to be trusted

es de destacar la actuación de Marta Valverde Marta Valverde's performance is worthy of note

C

de no ( AmL); if not

de²

feminine

name of the letter D

* * *

Del verbo dar: ( conjugate dar)

dé es:

1ª persona singular (yo) presente subjuntivo

3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) presente subjuntivo

3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) imperativo

Multiple Entries:
dar
de
dé
dar ( conjugate dar) verbo transitivo
1
a) ( entregar) to give;

◊ dale las llaves a Pedro give the keys to Pedro;

déme un kilo de peras can I have a kilo of pears?;
See Also→ conocer verbo transitivo 3 b, entender verbo transitivo
b) ‹cartas/mano› to give

2
a) (donar, regalar) ‹sangre/limosna› to give;

◊ me dio su reloj she gave me her watch

b) ( proporcionar) ‹fuerzas/valor/esperanza› to give;

‹información/idea› to give
3
a) (conferir, aportar) ‹sabor/color/forma› to give

b) ( aplicar) ‹mano de pintura/barniz› to give

c) ‹sedante/masaje› to give

4 ( conceder) ‹prórroga/permiso› to give;
◊ el dentista me dio hora para el miércoles I have an appointment with the dentist on Wednesday;

nos dieron un premio we won o got a prize
5
a) (expresar, decir) ‹parecer/opinón› to give;

◊ ¿le diste las gracias? did you thank him?, did you say thank you?;

dales saludos give/send them my regards;
tuve que déle la noticia I was the one who had to break the news to him
b) (señalar, indicar): me da ocupado or (Esp) comunicando the line's busy o (BrE) engaged;

◊ el reloj dio las cinco the clock struck five

1
a) ( producir) ‹fruto/flor› to bear;

‹ dividendos› to pay;
◊ un negocio que da mucho dinero a business which makes a lot of money

b) (AmL) ( alcanzar hasta):

◊ da 150 kilómetros por hora it can do o go 150 kilometres an hour;

venía a todo lo que daba it was travelling at full speed;
ponen la radio a todo lo que da they turn the radio on full blast
2 (causar, provocar) ‹placer/susto› to give;
‹ problemas› to cause;
◊ dé trabajo to be hard work;

el calor le dio sueño/sed the heat made him sleepy/thirsty
1 ( presentar) ‹ concierto› to give;
◊ ¿qué dan esta noche en la tele? what's on TV tonight? (colloq);

¿dónde están dando esa película? where's that film showing?
2
a) ‹fiesta/conferencia› to give;

‹baile/banquete› to hold;
‹ discurso› (AmL) to make
b) (CS) ‹ examen› to take o (BrE) sit;

ver tb clase 4
( realizar la accion que se indica) ‹ grito› to give;
◊ dé un paso atrás to take a step back;

dame un beso give me a kiss;
ver tb golpe, paseo, vuelta, etc
( considerar) dé algo/a algn por algo:
◊ lo dieron por muerto they gave him up for dead;

ese tema lo doy por sabido I'm assuming you've already covered that topic;
¡dalo por hecho! consider it done!
verbo intransitivo
1
◊ dar a [ puerta] to give onto, open onto;

[ventana/balcón] to look onto, give onto;
[fachada/frente] to face
2 (ser suficiente, alcanzar) dé para algo/algn to be enough for sth/sb;
◊ no me dio (el) tiempo I didn't have time;

dé de sí ‹zapatos/jersey› to stretch
3 ( arrojar un resultado):
◊ el análisis le dio positivo her test was positive;

¿cuánto da la cuenta? what does it come to?;
a mí me dio 247 I made it (to be) 247
4 ( importar):
◊ da lo mismo it doesn't matter;

¡qué más da! what does it matter!;
¿qué más da? what difference does it make?;
me da igual I don't mind
5 ( en naipes) to deal
1
a) (pegar, golpear): déle a algn to hit sb;

( como castigo) to smack sb;
◊ dale al balón kick the ball;

el balón dio en el poste the ball hit the post
b) ( acertar) to hit;

◊ dé en el blanco to hit the target

2 (accionar, mover) déle a algo ‹a botón/tecla› to press sth;
‹ a interruptor› to flick sth;
‹a manivela/volante› to turn sth
3
◊ dar con ( encontrar) ‹ persona› to find;

‹ solución› to hit upon, find;
‹ palabra› to come up with
4 (hablando de manías, ocurrencias) déle a algn por hacer algo ‹por pintar/cocinar› to take to doing sth;
◊ le ha dado por decir que … he's started saying that …

5 [sol/luz]:
◊ aquí da el sol toda la mañana you get the sun all morning here;

la luz le daba de lleno en los ojos the light was shining right in his eyes
darse verbo pronominal
1 ( producirse) [fruta/trigo] to grow
2 ( presentarse) [oportunidad/ocasión] to arise
3 ( resultar) (+ me/te/le etc):
◊ se le dan los idiomas she's good at languages

a) ( refl) ( realizar lo que se indica) ‹ducha/banquete› to have;

◊ dárselas de algo: se las da de valiente/de que sabe mucho he likes to make out he's brave/he knows a lot;

dárselas de listo to act smart
b) (golpearse, pegarse):

◊ se dio con el martillo en el dedo he hit his finger with the hammer;

se dieron contra un árbol they crashed into a tree;
se dio dé un golpe en la rodilla he hit his knee
( considerarse) dése por algo:
◊ con eso me déía por satisfecha I'd be quite happy with that;

ver tb aludir a, enterado 1
de 1 preposición
1
a) (pertenencia, posesión):

◊ la casa dé dé mis padres my parents' house;

el rey dé Francia the king of France;
no es dé él it isn't his;
es un amigo dé mi hijo he's a friend of my son's;
un estudiante dé quinto año a fifth-year student;
la tapa dé la cacerola the saucepan lid;
un avión dé Mexair a Mexair plane
b) ( con un nombre en aposición) of;

◊ la ciudad dé Lima the city of Lima;

el aeropuerto dé Barajas Barajas airport;
el mes dé enero the month of January
2
a) (procedencia, origen, tiempo) from;

◊ es dé Bogotá she's/she comes from Bogotá;

una carta dé Julia a letter from Julia;
un amigo dé la infancia a childhood friend;
la literatura dé ese período the literature of o from that period;
dé aquí a tu casa from here to your house
b) (material, contenido, composición):

◊ son dé plástico they're (made of) plastic;

una mesa dé caoba a mahogany table;
un vaso dé agua a glass of water;
un millón dé dólares a million dollars
c) (causa, modo):

◊ murió dé viejo he died of old age;

dé tanto gritar from shouting so much;
verde dé envidia green with envy;
temblando dé miedo trembling with fear;
dé memoria by heart;
lo tumbó dé un golpe he knocked him down with one blow
d) ( en oraciones pasivas) by;

◊ un poema dé Neruda a poem by Neruda;

rodeada dé árboles surrounded by trees
3
a) (cualidades, características):

◊ de gran inteligencia of great intelligence;

objetos dé mucho valor objects of great value;
¿dé qué color lo quiere? what color do you want it?;
tiene cara dé aburrido he looks bored;
una botella dé un litro a liter bottle;
la chica dé azul the girl in blue
b) (al definir, especificar):

◊ el botón dé abajo the bottom button;

tiene dos metros dé ancho it's two meters wide;
es fácil de pronunciar it's easy to pronounce;
uno dé los míos one of mine;
el mayor dé los Soto the eldest of the Soto children
4
a) ( con cifras):

◊ pagan un interés dél 15% they pay 15% interest o interest at 15%

b) ( en comparaciones de cantidad) than;

◊ más dé £100 more than o over £100;

pesa menos dé un kilo it weighs less than o under a kilo;
un número mayor/menor dé 29 a number over/under 29
c) ( con un superlativo):

◊ es el más caro dé todos it's the most expensive one;

la ciudad más grande dél mundo the biggest city in the world
d) ( refiriéndose a una parte del día):

◊ dé día/noche during the day/at night;

dé madrugada early in the morning
5
a) ( en calidad de) as;

◊ trabaja dé secretaria she works as a secretary;

hace dé rey en la obra he plays (the part of) a king in the play
b) (en expresiones de estado, actividad):

◊ dé mal humor in a bad mood;

estamos dé fiesta we're having a party
c) (indicando uso, destino, finalidad):

◊ el cepillo dé la ropa the clothes brush;

copas dé vino wine glasses;
ropa dé cama bed clothes;
dales algo dé comer give them something to eat;
¿qué hay dé postre? what's for dessert?
6 ( con sentido condicional):
◊ dé haberlo sabido if I had known, had I known;

dé no ser así otherwise
de 2 sustantivo femenino: name of the letter d
dé see
◊ dar

dar
I verbo transitivo
1 to give: dame la mano, hold my hand
2 (conceder) to give: mi padre me dio permiso, my father gave me permission
le doy toda la razón, I think he is quite right
3 (transmitir una noticia) to tell
(un recado, recuerdos) to pass on, give
dar las gracias, to thank
4 (retransmitir u ofrecer un espectáculo) to show, put on
5 (organizar una fiesta) to throw, give
6 (producir lana, miel, etc) to produce, yield
(fruto, flores) to bear
(beneficio, interés) to give, yield
7 (causar un dolor, malestar) dar dolor de cabeza, to give a headache
(un sentimiento) dar pena, to make sad
le da mucha vergüenza, he's very embarrassed
8 (proporcionar) to provide: su empresa da trabajo a cincuenta personas, his factory gives work to fifty people
9 (una conferencia, charla) to give
(impartir clases) to teach
(recibir una clase) to have
US to take
10 (presentir) me da (en la nariz/en el corazón) que eso va a salir bien, I have a feeling that everything is going to turn out well
11 (estropear) to ruin: me dio la noche con sus ronquidos, he spoilt my sleep with his snoring
12 (abrir el paso de la luz) to switch on
(del gas, agua) to turn on
13 (propinar una bofetada, un puntapié, etc) to hit, give
14 (aplicar una mano de pintura, cera) to apply, put on
(un masaje, medicamento) to give
15 (considerar) dar por, to assume, consider: lo dieron por muerto, he was given up for dead
ese dinero lo puedes dar por perdido, you can consider that money lost
dar por supuesto/sabido, to take for granted, to assume
16 (la hora, un reloj) to strike: aún no habían dado las ocho, it was not yet past eight o'clock
17 (realizar la acción que implica el objeto) dar un abrazo/susto, to give a hug/fright
dar un paseo, to go for a walk
dar una voz, to give a shout
II verbo intransitivo
1 (sobrevenir) le dio un ataque de nervios, she had an attack of hysterics
2 dar de comer/cenar, to provide with lunch/dinner 3 dar a, (mirar, estar orientado a) to look out onto, to overlook
(una puerta) to open onto, lead to: esa puerta da al jardín, this door leads out onto the garden 4 dar con, (una persona, objeto) to come across: no fuimos capaces de dar con la contraseña, we couldn't come up with the password
dimos con él, we found him 5 dar de sí, (una camiseta, bañador) to stretch, give 6 dar en, to hit: el sol me daba en los ojos, the sun was (shining) in my eyes 7 dar para, to be enough o sufficient for: ese dinero no me da para nada, this money isn't enough for me
♦ Locuciones: dar a alguien por: le dio por ponerse a cantar, she decided to start singing
le dio por nadar, he got it into his head to go swimming
dar a entender a alguien que..., to make sb understand that...
dar la mano a alguien, to shake hands with sb
dar para: el presupuesto no da para más, the budget will not stretch any further
dar que hablar, to set people talking
dar que pensar: el suceso dio que pensar, the incident gave people food for thought
dar a conocer, (noticia) to release
de preposición
1 (pertenencia, posesión) of
la dirección de mis padres, my parents' address
el teclado de este ordenador, this computer's keyboard
la primera página del libro, the first page of the book
2 (material) of: está hecho de madera, it's made of wood
una pajarita de papel, a paper bird
(contenido) un vaso de vino, a glass of wine
3 (asunto) about, on: sabe mucho de economía, she knows a lot about economics
un curso de inglés, an English course
un libro de arte, a book on art
4 (oficio) as: está/trabaja de enfermera, she is working as a nurse
5 (cualidad) una persona de carácter, a person with character
una rubia de pelo largo, a blonde with long hair
6 (procedencia) from: es de Bilbao, he is o comes from Bilbao
de Madrid a Cáceres, from Madrid to Cáceres
7 (parte) un poco de leche, a little milk
un trozo de carne, a piece of meat
8 (causa) with, because of
llorar de alegría, to cry with joy
morir de hambre, to die of hunger
9 (modo) lo bebió de un trago, she downed it in one
un gesto de satisfacción, an expression of satisfaction
10 (localización) el señor de la camisa azul, the man in the blue shirt
la casa de la esquina, the house on the corner
11 (tiempo) a las cinco de la mañana, at five in the morning
de año en año, year in year out
de día, by day
de noche, at night
de miércoles a viernes, from Wednesday to Friday
de pequeño, as a child
12 (finalidad) jornada de reflexión, eve of polling day
libro de consulta, reference book
máquina de escribir, typewriter
13 (instrumento) derribó la puerta de una patada, he kicked the door down
lo mataron de una puñalada, he was stabbed to death
14 (comparación) el discurso fue más largo de lo esperado, the speech was longer than expected
(con superlativo) in
el coche más caro del mundo, the most expensive car in the world
15 (precio) for
un pantalón de dos mil pesetas, a pair of trousers costing two thousand pesetas 16 una avenida de quince kilómetros, an avenue fifteen kilometres long
una botella de litro, a litre bottle
17 (condicional) de haberlo sabido no le hubiera invitado, if I had known I wouldn't have invited him
de no ser así, if that wasn't o weren't the case
de ser cierto, if it was o were true
18 (reiteración) de puerta en puerta, from door to door
de tres en tres, in threes o three at a time

'dé' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
A
- a. C.
- a.m.
- abajo
- abanderada
- abanderado
- abandonar
- abandonarse
- abandono
- abanico
- abarrotar
- abarrotada
- abarrotado
- abarrotería
- abastecer
- abastecerse
- abastecimiento
- abasto
- abatir
- abatimiento
- abatirse
- abdicar
- abertura
- abierta
- abierto
- abismo
- ablandar
- abogar
- abogacía
- abogada
- abogado
- abominar
- abominable
- abono
- abortar
- abrir
- abridor
- abrigo
- abrupta
- abrupto
- absoluta
- absolutamente
- absoluto
- abstenerse
- abstención
- abstinencia
- abstraerse
- abuelo
- abuhardillada
- abuhardillado
English:
A
- A-level
- a.m.
- AA
- abandon
- ABC
- ability
- ablaze
- aboard
- about
- about-face
- about-turn
- above
- abreast
- abroad
- abrupt
- absence
- absent
- absolve
- absorb
- abstain
- abstract
- abundance
- abuse
- AC
- accepted
- access road
- accident
- accidental
- acclaim
- accommodate
- accommodation
- accomplished
- accomplishment
- accordance
- account
- account for
- accountable
- accumulation
- accuracy
- accurate
- accurately
- accuse
- accused
- accusingly
- accustom
- ache
- Achilles heel
- aching
- acid test

* * *

de prep de combines with the article el to form the contraction del (e.g. del hombre of the man).

1. [posesión, pertenencia] of;

el automóvil de mi padre/mis padres my father's/parents' car;

es de ella it's hers;

la maleta es de Eva the suitcase is Eva's o belongs to Eva;

el padre de la niña the girl's father;

el director de la empresa the manager of the company, the company's manager;

la boda o [m5] el casamiento de un amigo de mi hermano the wedding of a friend of my brother's, a friend of my brother's wedding;

un equipo de segunda división a second division team;

la comida del gato the cat's food;

el título de la novela the novel's title, the title of the novel;

la pata de la mesa the table leg;

una subida de precios a price rise;

los señores de Navarro Mr and Mrs Navarro

2. [procedencia, distancia] from;

salir de casa to leave home;

soy de Bilbao I'm from Bilbao;

no soy de aquí I'm not from round here;

de la playa al apartamento hay 100 metros it's 100 metres from the beach to the apartment;

estamos a 10 kilómetros de Buenos Aires we're 10 kilometres away from Buenos Aires;

el rey de España the king of Spain;

tuvo dos hijos de su primera esposa he had two children by his first wife;

b de Barcelona [deletreando] b for Barcelona

3. [en razonamiento]
de su sonrisa se deduce que todo ha ido bien you can tell from o by her smile that it all went well;

del resultado del experimento concluyo que la fórmula no funciona I infer from the result of the experiment that the formula doesn't work

4. [con nombre en aposición]
la ciudad de Caracas the city of Caracas;

el túnel del Canal the Channel Tunnel;

el signo de tauro the sign of Taurus;

el puerto de Cartagena the port of Cartagena

5. [en descripciones]
una película de terror a horror movie o Br film;

la señora de verde the lady in green;

el chico de la coleta the boy with the ponytail;

una actriz de veinte años a twenty-year-old actress;

¿de qué tamaño? what size?;

un político de fiar a trustworthy politician

6. [materia] (made) of;

un vaso de plástico a plastic cup;

un reloj de oro a gold watch;

una mesa de madera a wooden table

7. [contenido]
un vaso de agua a glass of water;

un plato de lentejas a plate of lentils

8. [precio]
he comprado las peras de 80 céntimos el kilo I bought the pears that were 80 cents a kilo;

un sello de 50 céntimos a 50-cent stamp

9. [uso]
una bici de carreras a racing bike;

ropa de deporte sportswear;

una máquina de escribir a typewriter;

una máquina de coser a sewing machine;

esta sartén es la del pescado y ésta la de las tortillas this frying pan's for fish and this one's for omelettes

10. [asunto] about;

hablábamos de ti we were talking about you;

libros de historia history books

11. [en calidad de] as;

trabaja de bombero he works as a fireman;

aparece de cosaco he appears as a Cossack, he plays a Cossack;

estás muy guapa de uniforme you look very pretty in uniform;

al desfile de carnaval iré de Napoleón I'll go as Napoleon in the carnival parade

12. [tiempo] [desde] from;
[durante] in;
trabaja de nueve a cinco she works from nine to five;

vivió en Bolivia de 1975 a 1983 she lived in Bolivia between 1975 and 1983, she lived in Bolivia from 1975 to 1983;

de madrugada early in the morning;

a las cuatro de la tarde at four in the afternoon;

trabaja de noche y duerme de día he works at night and sleeps during the day;

es de día it's daytime;

de niño solía jugar en la calle as a child I used to play in the street;

¿qué quieres ser de mayor? what do you want to be when you grow up?;

un compañero del colegio a friend from school;
Urug
de mañana/tarde in the morning/afternoon;
Urug
de noche at night;
Urug
ayer salimos de noche we went out last night

13. [causa] with;

morirse de hambre to die of hunger;

llorar de alegría to cry with joy;

temblar de miedo to tremble with fear;

eso es de fumar tanto that's what comes from smoking so much

14. [manera, modo] with;

de una patada with a kick;

rompió el cristal de una pedrada he shattered the window with a stone;

de una sola vez in one go;

lo bebió de un trago he drank it down in one go;

de tres en tres/cuatro en cuatro/ etc[m5]. three/four/ etc at a time;
CSur
de a tres/cuatro/ etc[m5]. in threes/fours/ etc;

de fácil manejo user-friendly;

ponerse de rodillas to kneel down

15. [con valor partitivo] of;

uno de los nuestros one of ours;

varios de nosotros several of us;

¿quién de vosotros sabe la respuesta? which of you knows the answer?

16. Literario [sobre]
de la paz y la guerra of war and peace

17. [en valoración]
lo tacharon de vulgar they branded him as vulgar, they accused him of being vulgar

18. [en lugar de]
yo de ti no lo haría I wouldn't do it if I were you;

yo de Eduardo le pediría perdón if I were Eduardo, I'd say sorry to her

19. [en comparaciones]
más/menos de… more/less than…;
[con superlativos]
el mejor de todos the best of all;

el más importante del mundo the most important in the world;

la peor película del año the worst film this year o of the year;

la impresora más moderna del mercado the most up-to-date printer on the market

20. (antes de infinitivo) [condición] if;

de querer ayudarme, lo haría if she wanted to help me, she'd do it;

de no ser por ti, me hubiese hundido if it hadn't been for you, I wouldn't have made it;

de ir a verte, sería este domingo if I do visit you, it'll be this Sunday

21. (después de adjetivo y antes de sustantivo) [enfatiza cualidad]
el idiota de tu hermano your stupid brother;

la buena de Susana good old Susana;

¡pobre de mí! poor me!

22. (después de adjetivo y antes de infinitivo)
es difícil de creer it's hard to believe;

una velada imposible de olvidar an unforgettable evening

23. (después del verbo “haber”) [obligación]
he de trabajar más I have to work harder;

has de gastar menos you should spend less

24. (antes de complemento agente)
una película de Buñuel a film by Buñuel, a Buñuel film;

vino acompañado de su familia he was accompanied by his family

25. (antes de adverbio de lugar)
el apartamento de abajo the downstairs Br flat o US apartment;

la fila de delante the front row

♦ de no loc conj
Am otherwise;
dime la verdad, de no te castigaré tell me the truth, otherwise I'm going to punish you

* * *

de

prp

1 origen from;

de Nueva York from New York;

de … a from … to

2 posesión of;

el coche de mi amigo my friend’s car

3 material (made) of;

un anillo de oro a gold ring

4 contenido of;

un vaso de agua a glass of water

5 cualidad

:

una mujer de 20 años a 20 year old woman

6 causa with;

temblaba de miedo she was shaking with fear

7 hora

:

de noche at night, by night;

de día by day

8 en calidad de as;

trabajar de albañil work as a bricklayer;

de niño as a child

9 agente by;

de Goya by Goya

10 condición if;

de haberlo sabido if I’d known

11 en aposición

:

la ciudad de Lima the city of Lima

* * *

de prep

1) : of

la casa de Pepe: Pepe's house

un niño de tres años: a three-year-old boy

2) : from

es de Managua: she's from Managua

salió del edificio: he left the building

3) : in, at

a las tres de la mañana: at three in the morning

salen de noche: they go out at night

4) : than

más de tres: more than three

dé dar

* * *

de prep

1. (posesión de alguien) 's

el coche de Alberto Alberto's car

los gatos de Emma Emma's cats

la profesora de Marta Marta's teacher

es de mi hermano it's my brother's

2. (posesión de algo) of

la ciudad de Roma the city of Rome

el mes de noviembre the month of November

el teléfono del colegio the school phone

los árboles del jardín the trees in the garden

3. (materia)

un balón de cuero a leather ball

muebles de madera wooden furniture

un vaso de plástico a plastic cup

4. (contenido) of

una botella de agua a bottle of water

un paquete de arroz a packet of rice

un vaso de leche a glass of milk

5. (materia, tema)

profesor de inglés English teacher

novela de aventuras adventure story

película de terror horror film

6. (origen, procedencia) from

es de Asturias he's from Asturias

esta carretera va de Salamanca a Zamora this road goes from Salamanca to Zamora

7. (descripción) with / in

la chica del pelo largo the girl with long hair

el hombre de negro the man in black

un chico de doce años a twelve year old boy

8. (agente) by

un libro de Rosa Montero a book by Rosa Montero

9. (con expresiones de tiempo)

es la una de la tarde it's one o'clock in the afternoon

el tren de las diez the ten o'clock train

abren de nueve a siete they open from nine until seven

nunca viajamos de noche we never travel at night

de niño when I was a child

10. (con números, una parte) than / of

había más de mil personas there were more than a thousand people

pesa menos de 5 kilos it weighs less than 5 kilos

un trozo de pan a piece of bread

Spanish-English dictionary > de
4 rico

adj.

1 rich, wealthy, well-off, moneyed.

2 delicious, tasty.

3 pleasing.

m.

1 rich person, rich.

2 Rico.

* * *

rico

► adjetivo

1 (acaudalado) rich, wealthy

2 (abundante) rich

■ rico en potasio rich in potassium

3 (sabroso) tasty, delicious

4 (tierra) rich, fertile

5 (excelente) rich, excellent

6 familiar (bonito) lovely, adorable

■ tiene un niño muy rico she's got a lovely boy

7 familiar (tratamiento - hombre) mate, US man; (- mujer) love, US sweetheart

■ mira rico, no me tomes el pelo look mate, don't pull my leg

■ ¿qué tal, rica? how are you doing, love?

► nombre masculino,nombre femenino

1 rich person

► nombre masculino plural los ricos

1 the rich

\

FRASEOLOGÍA

estar muy rica familiar (chica) to be gorgeous

hacerse rico,-a to get rich

nuevo,-a rico,-a nouveau riche

* * *

(f. - rica)

adj.

1) rich

2) wealthy

3) delicious

* * *
rico, -a
1. ADJ

1) (=adinerado) rich, wealthy

- llueva sobre el más rico

2) [suelo] rich

rico de o en — rich in

3) (=valioso) valuable, precious; (=lujoso) luxurious, sumptuous, valuable; [tela] fine, rich, sumptuous

4) (=sabroso) delicious, tasty

estos pasteles están muy ricos — these cakes are delicious

5) * (=bonito) cute, lovely
[en oración directa]
¡rico! — darling!

¡oye, rico! — hey, watch it! *

¡que no, rico! — Esp no way, mate! *

¡qué rico es el pequeño! — isn't he a lovely baby!

está muy rica la tía — she's a bit of all right **

¡qué rico! — iró (isn't that just) great!

2.

SM / F rich person

nuevo rico — nouveau riche

* * *
I
- ca adjetivo

1) <persona/país> rich, wealthy

2)

a) < tierra> rich; < vegetación> lush; <lenguaje/historia> rich

b) ( abundante)

rico EN algo — rich in something

3)

a) < comida> good, nice

esto está riquísimo! — this is delicious!

b) (esp CS) < perfume> nice, lovely

qué rico olor tiene! — what a lovely smell!

4) (fam) ( mono) <niño/chica> lovely, cute

es muy rica de cara — (CS) she has a very pretty o a lovely face

5) (AmL exc RPl) ( agradable) lovely, wonderful

¿te vas a Acapulco? ay, qué rico! — you're off to Acapulco? how lovely!
II
- ca masculino, femenino

1) (m) rich o wealthy man; (f) rich o wealthy woman

los ricos — rich people, the rich

2) ( como apelativo) (fam & iró) sweetie (colloq & iro), honey (colloq & iro)

* * *

= affluent, rich [richer -comp., richest -sup.], wealthy [wealthier -comp., wealthiest -sup.], luscious, tasty [tastier -comp., tastiest -sup.].

Ex. It is easy to predict that a majority of either large or affluent libraries in this country will employ some form of catalog under machine control in the foreseeable future.

Ex. So, in practice, instead of exploiting the rich coordination of natural language, most systems ignore these links between concepts and resort to picking words from text at random.

Ex. Today's sophisticated media provide clear advantages to wealthy, well-established interest groups.

Ex. This volume is in fact three books shuffled together under one luscious cover, unfurling as a fantasia on technique that explores, among other things, Mau's riffs on modernism.

Ex. Some tasty ready-made sarnies you can buy in shops are so full of salt they should have a health warning, says a group of experts.

----

* aprendizaje rico en conocimiento = knowledge-rich learning.

* barrio de los ricos = upper town.

* casarse con alguien rico = marry into + money, marry + a fortune, marry + money.

* hacer más rico = add + richness to.

* hacerse rico = strike + it rich, strike + gold, hit + the jackpot.

* hazte rico pronto = get-rich-quick.

* Puerto Rico = Puerto Rico.

* rico en almidón = starchy [starchier -comp., starchiest -sup.], starchy [starchier -comp., starchiest -sup.].

* rico en contenido = content-rich.

* rico en contenido temático = subject-rich.

* rico en féculas = starchy [starchier -comp., starchiest -sup.].

* rico en fibras = high-fibre.

* rico en grasa = fat-rich.

* rico en hidratos de carbono = starchy [starchier -comp., starchiest -sup.].

* rico en información = information-rich, info-rich.

* rico en mensajes = message-rich.

* rico en nutrientes = nutrient-rich.

* rico en óxido = oxidised [oxidized, -USA].

* rico en proteínas = high protein.

* rico en recursos = resource-rich.

* rico en TI = IT-rich.

* ricos = haves.

* ricos en información = information haves.

* ricos en información, los = information-rich, the.

* ricos, los = better off, the.

* ricos y los pobres, los = haves and the have-nots, the.

* ser rico en = be rich in.

* ser rico en contenido = be rich in content.

* superricos, los = super rich, the.

* * *
I
- ca adjetivo

1) <persona/país> rich, wealthy

2)

a) < tierra> rich; < vegetación> lush; <lenguaje/historia> rich

b) ( abundante)

rico EN algo — rich in something

3)

a) < comida> good, nice

esto está riquísimo! — this is delicious!

b) (esp CS) < perfume> nice, lovely

qué rico olor tiene! — what a lovely smell!

4) (fam) ( mono) <niño/chica> lovely, cute

es muy rica de cara — (CS) she has a very pretty o a lovely face

5) (AmL exc RPl) ( agradable) lovely, wonderful

¿te vas a Acapulco? ay, qué rico! — you're off to Acapulco? how lovely!
II
- ca masculino, femenino

1) (m) rich o wealthy man; (f) rich o wealthy woman

los ricos — rich people, the rich

2) ( como apelativo) (fam & iró) sweetie (colloq & iro), honey (colloq & iro)

* * *

= affluent, rich [richer -comp., richest -sup.], wealthy [wealthier -comp., wealthiest -sup.], luscious, tasty [tastier -comp., tastiest -sup.].

Ex: It is easy to predict that a majority of either large or affluent libraries in this country will employ some form of catalog under machine control in the foreseeable future.

Ex: So, in practice, instead of exploiting the rich coordination of natural language, most systems ignore these links between concepts and resort to picking words from text at random.

Ex: Today's sophisticated media provide clear advantages to wealthy, well-established interest groups.

Ex: This volume is in fact three books shuffled together under one luscious cover, unfurling as a fantasia on technique that explores, among other things, Mau's riffs on modernism.

Ex: Some tasty ready-made sarnies you can buy in shops are so full of salt they should have a health warning, says a group of experts.

* aprendizaje rico en conocimiento = knowledge-rich learning.

* barrio de los ricos = upper town.

* casarse con alguien rico = marry into + money, marry + a fortune, marry + money.

* hacer más rico = add + richness to.

* hacerse rico = strike + it rich, strike + gold, hit + the jackpot.

* hazte rico pronto = get-rich-quick.

* Puerto Rico = Puerto Rico.

* rico en almidón = starchy [starchier -comp., starchiest -sup.], starchy [starchier -comp., starchiest -sup.].

* rico en contenido = content-rich.

* rico en contenido temático = subject-rich.

* rico en féculas = starchy [starchier -comp., starchiest -sup.].

* rico en fibras = high-fibre.

* rico en grasa = fat-rich.

* rico en hidratos de carbono = starchy [starchier -comp., starchiest -sup.].

* rico en información = information-rich, info-rich.

* rico en mensajes = message-rich.

* rico en nutrientes = nutrient-rich.

* rico en óxido = oxidised [oxidized, -USA].

* rico en proteínas = high protein.

* rico en recursos = resource-rich.

* rico en TI = IT-rich.

* ricos = haves.

* ricos en información = information haves.

* ricos en información, los = information-rich, the.

* ricos, los = better off, the.

* ricos y los pobres, los = haves and the have-nots, the.

* ser rico en = be rich in.

* ser rico en contenido = be rich in content.

* superricos, los = super rich, the.

* * *

rico¹ -ca

adjective

A ‹persona/país› rich, wealthy

B

1 ‹tierra› rich; ‹vegetación› lush; ‹lenguaje/historia› rich

2 (abundante) rico EN algo rich IN sth

una dieta rica en vitaminas a diet rich in vitamins, a vitamin-rich diet

3 ( gen delante del n) (magnífico) ‹telas/tapices› rich, sumptuous

C

1 ‹comida› good, nice

¡esto está riquísimo! this is o tastes delicious!

con nueces queda más rico it's nicer with nuts

2 ( esp RPl) ‹perfume› nice, lovely

¡qué rico olor tiene! what a lovely smell!, it smells lovely!

D ( fam) (mono) ‹niño/chica› lovely, cute

¡qué niño más rico! what a lovely o sweet o cute child

está muy rica con ese vestido she looks cute o lovely in that dress

es muy rica de cara ( RPl); she has a very pretty o a lovely face

¡qué rica está tu vecina! your neighbor's gorgeous o hot stuff ( colloq)

E ( AmL exc RPl) (agradable) lovely, wonderful

¡qué rico estar en la playa ahora! wouldn't it be wonderful o just great to be on the beach now!

¿te vas a Acapulco? ¡ay, qué rico! you're off to Acapulco? how lovely!

¡qué rica! así salgo yo perdiendo oh, that's great o charming! that way I lose out ( iro)

rico² -ca

masculine, feminine

A ( masculine) rich o wealthy man; ( feminine) rich o wealthy woman

un rico no tiene estos problemas rich people don't have these problems

los ricos rich people, the rich

los pocos ricos que conozco the few rich o wealthy people I know

nuevo

B (como apelativo) ( fam iró); sweetie ( colloq iro), honey ( colloq iro), sunshine ( BrE colloq iro)

* * *

rico
◊ -ca adjetivo

1
a) ‹persona/país› rich, wealthy

b) ‹ tierra› rich;

‹ vegetación› lush;
‹lenguaje/historia› rich;
rico EN algo rich in sth
2
a) ‹ comida› good, nice;

◊ ¡esto está riquísimo! this is delicious!

b) (esp CS) ‹ perfume› nice, lovely;

◊ ¡qué rico olor tiene! what a lovely smell!

c) (fam) ( mono) ‹niño/chica› lovely, cute

d) (AmL exc RPl) ( agradable) lovely, wonderful

■ sustantivo masculino, femenino
a) (m) rich o wealthy man;

(f) rich o wealthy woman;
◊ los ricos rich people, the rich

b) ( como apelativo) (fam & iró) sweetie (colloq & iro), honey (colloq & iro)

rico,-a
I adjetivo
1 (suntuoso) sumptuous: se puso un rico vestido, she put on a gorgeous dress
2 (acaudalado) wealthy: es un hombre rico, he's a rich man
3 (sabroso) delicious
4 (un niño, bebé, una mascota) lovely, adorable
5 (tierra, sustancia) rich: es un alimento rico en proteínas, it's a high-protein food
II sustantivo masculino y femenino rich o wealthy person
los ricos, the wealthy
' rico' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
buena
- bueno
- frotar
- frotarse
- poderosa
- poderoso
- rica
- enriquecer
- nuevo
- ojalá
- Puerto Rico
English:
abundant
- affluent
- cute
- even
- full-bodied
- get-rich-quick
- loaded
- luscious
- me
- nice
- off
- opulent
- Puerto Rico
- rich
- sweet
- wealthy
- wish
- eventful
- high
- nouveau riche
- only
- PR
- report
- vivid

* * *

rico, -a

♦ adj

1. [adinerado] rich;

un país rico a rich country

2. [abundante] rich (en in);
una dieta rica en proteínas a protein-rich diet, a diet rich in proteins;

esta región es rica en recursos naturales this region is rich in natural resources

3. [fértil] fertile, rich

4. [sabroso] delicious;

la sopa está muy rica the soup is really delicious;

¡qué rico! this is delicious!

5. [simpático] cute;

¡qué perrito tan rico! what a cute little dog!

6. [bello, de calidad] [telas, tapices, vocabulario] rich

7. Am salvo RP [agradable] lovely;

¡qué clima más rico hace aquí! the climate here is lovely!

♦ nm,f

1. [adinerado] rich person;

los ricos the rich;

los nuevos ricos the nouveaux riches

2. Fam [apelativo]
¡oye, rico! hey, sunshine!;

¿por qué no te callas, rico? shut up, you!

♦ adv
Am salvo RP [bien] well;
qué rico toca el piano she plays the piano so well;

qué rico se está aquí en la playa it's lovely here on the beach

* * *

rico

I adj

1 rich;

rico en vitaminas rich in vitamins

2 comida delicious

3 fam

niño cute fam

II m rich man;

nuevo rico nouveau riche

* * *

rico, -ca adj

1) : rich, wealthy

2) : fertile

3) : luxurious, valuable

4) : delicious

5) : adorable, lovely

6) : great, wonderful

rico, -ca n

: rich person

* * *

rico¹ adj

1. (en general) rich

un hombre rico a rich man

la leche es rica en calcio milk is rich in calcium

2. (comida) delicious

la tarta está muy rica the cake is delicious

3. (niño) sweet

¡qué niña más rica! what a sweet little girl!

rico² n

1. (hombre) rich man [pl. men]

2. (mujer) rich woman [pl. women]

Spanish-English dictionary > rico
5 juntar

v.

1 to put together.

poco a poco ha juntado una valiosa colección de cuadros she has gradually put together a valuable collection of paintings

juntaron todos los departamentos en un solo edificio they brought all the departments together in a single building

2 to join, to connect, to piece together, to put together.

Elsa junta los cables Elsa joins the wires.

3 to assemble, to bunch up, to bring together, to combine.

Ellos juntaron un equipo ganador They assembled a winning team.

4 to gather together, to get together, to pull together.

Ellos juntaron varios candidatos They gathered together several candidates

* * *

juntar

► verbo transitivo

1 (unir) to join together, put together; (piezas) to assemble

■ junta las mesas put the tables together

2 familiar (coleccionar) to collect

3 (reunir - dinero) to raise; (- gente) to gather together

► verbo pronominal juntarse

1 (unirse) to join, get together; (ríos, caminos) to meet

■ nos juntamos todos los domingos we get together every Sunday

2 (acercarse) to squeeze up

■ juntaos un poco que no quepo squeeze up, I can't get in

3 (relacionarse) to go out ( con, with), mix ( con, with)

■ últimamente no se junta con nadie she is being remarkably antisocial lately

4 (amancebarse) to move in ( con, with), start living together

* * *

verb

1) to unite

2) assemble, collect

3) gather

4) pool

•

- juntarse
- juntarse con
* * *

1. VT

1) (=colocar juntos) to put together

juntó las manos en actitud de plegaria — she put her hands together as if praying

juntaron varias mesas — they put several tables together

junta el armario a la pared — put the cupboard against the wall

juntar dinero — (=ahorrar) to save, save up; (=reunir fondos) to raise funds, fundraise

estoy juntando dinero para comprarme una bicicleta — I'm saving up to buy a bicycle

2) (=reunir) [+ amigos, conocidos] to get together; [+ participantes, concursantes] to bring together

juntó a sus amigos para darles la noticia — he got his friends together to tell them the news

¿cómo consiguió el director juntar tantas estrellas en una misma película? — how did the director manage to bring together so many stars o get so many stars together in one film?

la final ha juntado a los dos mejores equipos del mundo — the final has brought together the two best teams in the world

3) (=coleccionar) [+ sellos, objetos] to collect

4) (=entornar) [+ puerta, ventana] to push to

2.

See:

juntarse

* * *
1.
verbo transitivo

a) ( unir) <pies/manos/camas> to put... together

b) ( reunir)

junta las fichas y ponlas en la caja — collect up the counters and put them in the box

juntar fuerzas para hacer algo — to pluck up courage to do something

están juntando (dinero) para el viaje — they are saving (up) for the trip

juntar monedas/sellos — (esp AmL) to collect coins/stamps

c) ( cerrar) < puerta> to push... to
2.
juntarse v pron

1) personas

a) ( acercarse) to move o get closer together

júntense más, así salen todos en la foto — get (in) o move (in) closer together so I can get you all in the picture

b) ( reunirse) to get together

juntarse con alguien — to join somebody, meet up with somebody

c) ( relacionarse)

juntarse con alguien: yo no me junto con gente de su calaña I don't mix with her sort; se empezó a juntar con malas compañías — she fell into bad company

d) ( como pareja) to live together

se volvieron a juntar — they got back together again

2)

a) desgracias/sucesos to come together

este mes se nos ha juntado todo! — this month it's just been one thing after another

b) carreteras/conductos to meet, join

* * *

= assemble, piece together, bundle, pool, put together.

Ex. In this case all the works of a given author will be assembled on the shelf under his/her name as well, so it is not really in conflict and I think there is a misinterpretation.

Ex. During his stay in Laputa, Captain Gulliver was very impressed by a book-writing machine which produced fragments of sentences which were dictated to scribes and later pieced together.

Ex. CD-ROM products that combine, or bundle, related information services will be at the forefront because of their usefulness to end-users.

Ex. The results of two studies of the way reference librarians work were pooled to provide an understanding of the important features necessary in software for computerized reference work.

Ex. The way in which this scheme is put together in book form often causes some confusion at first.

----

* Dios los cría y ellos se juntan = birds of a feather flock together.

* juntarse = be together.

* juntarse con = kick + it with.

* juntarse el hambre con las ganas de comer = made for each other, be two of a kind, be a right pair.

* juntar sin solapar = butt together.

* * *
1.
verbo transitivo

a) ( unir) <pies/manos/camas> to put... together

b) ( reunir)

junta las fichas y ponlas en la caja — collect up the counters and put them in the box

juntar fuerzas para hacer algo — to pluck up courage to do something

están juntando (dinero) para el viaje — they are saving (up) for the trip

juntar monedas/sellos — (esp AmL) to collect coins/stamps

c) ( cerrar) < puerta> to push... to
2.
juntarse v pron

1) personas

a) ( acercarse) to move o get closer together

júntense más, así salen todos en la foto — get (in) o move (in) closer together so I can get you all in the picture

b) ( reunirse) to get together

juntarse con alguien — to join somebody, meet up with somebody

c) ( relacionarse)

juntarse con alguien: yo no me junto con gente de su calaña I don't mix with her sort; se empezó a juntar con malas compañías — she fell into bad company

d) ( como pareja) to live together

se volvieron a juntar — they got back together again

2)

a) desgracias/sucesos to come together

este mes se nos ha juntado todo! — this month it's just been one thing after another

b) carreteras/conductos to meet, join

* * *

= assemble, piece together, bundle, pool, put together.

Ex: In this case all the works of a given author will be assembled on the shelf under his/her name as well, so it is not really in conflict and I think there is a misinterpretation.

Ex: During his stay in Laputa, Captain Gulliver was very impressed by a book-writing machine which produced fragments of sentences which were dictated to scribes and later pieced together.

Ex: CD-ROM products that combine, or bundle, related information services will be at the forefront because of their usefulness to end-users.

Ex: The results of two studies of the way reference librarians work were pooled to provide an understanding of the important features necessary in software for computerized reference work.

Ex: The way in which this scheme is put together in book form often causes some confusion at first.

* Dios los cría y ellos se juntan = birds of a feather flock together.

* juntarse = be together.

* juntarse con = kick + it with.

* juntarse el hambre con las ganas de comer = made for each other, be two of a kind, be a right pair.

* juntar sin solapar = butt together.

* * *

juntar [A1 ]

vt

1 (unir) ‹pies/manos/camas› to put … together

si juntamos dos mesas, cabremos todos if we put two tables together we'll all be able to fit round

como faltó un profesor, juntaron dos clases one teacher was away so they combined two classes o put two classes together

junta los verdes con los azules put the green ones and the blue ones together

2

(reunir): junta las fichas y ponlas en la caja collect up the counters and put them in the box

tendrás que juntar fuerzas para decírselo you'll have to pluck up courage to tell him

están juntando (dinero) para el viaje they are saving (up) for the trip

me va a llevar tiempo juntar el dinero it's going to take me some time to get the money together o to raise the money

junta monedas/sellos ( esp AmL); she collects coins/stamps

3

(cerrar): junta la puerta push the door to

■ juntarse

v pron

A «personas»

1 (acercarse) to move o get closer together

júntense más, así salen todos en la foto get (in) o move (in) closer together so I can get you all in the picture

2 (reunirse) to get together

tenemos que juntarnos un día para tomar una copa we must get together for a drink one of these days

se juntó con nosotros en Caracas he met up with us o joined us in Caracas

nos juntamos para comprarle un regalo we got o ( BrE) clubbed together to buy her a present

¡vaya dos que se han juntado! what a pair!

3 (relacionarse) juntarse CON algn:

yo no me junto con gente de su calaña I don't mix with her sort

se empezó a juntar con malas compañías she fell into bad company

no me junto más contigo ( leng infantil); I'm not playing with you any more

4

(como pareja): no se podían casar, así que se juntaron they couldn't get married so they started living together

se volvieron a juntar they got back together again

B

1 «desgracias/sucesos» to come together

¡este mes se nos ha juntado todo! this month it's just been one thing after another

se juntó el accidente del niño con lo de la mudanza their son's accident came right on top of the move o came just as they were moving house

2 «carreteras/conductos» to meet, join

* * *

juntar ( conjugate juntar) verbo transitivo
a) ( unir) ‹pies/manos/camas› to put … together

b) ( reunir) ‹fichas/piezas› to collect up, gather together;

‹ dinero› to save (up);
◊ juntar sellos (esp AmL) to collect stamps

c) ( cerrar) ‹ puerta› to push … to

juntarse verbo pronominal
1 [ personas]
a) ( acercarse) to move o get closer together

b) ( reunirse) to get together;

◊ juntarse con algn to join sb, meet up with sb

c) ( como pareja) to live together;

◊ se volvieron a juntar they got back together again

2
a) [desgracias/sucesos] to come together

b) [carreteras/conductos] to meet, join

juntar verbo transitivo
1 (unir) to join, put together: juntaremos las sillas, we'll put the chairs together
(ensamblar) to assemble
2 (reunir a personas) quiere juntar a toda la familia, she wants to get all her family together
(reunir animales) to round up
4 (coleccionar) to collect
5 (una cantidad de dinero) to raise
' juntar' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
aglomerar
- reunir
- amontonar
English:
assemble
- connect
- gather
- join
- join up
- piece together
- pool
- put together
- throw together
- collect
- hoard
- piece
- put

* * *

juntar

♦ vt

1. [unir] to put together;

junta los pies put your feet together;

como no cabíamos todos, decidimos juntar las mesas as we didn't all fit, we decided to push the tables together;

junté los cables con cinta aislante I tied the wires together with some insulating tape

2. [reunir] to put together;
[cromos, sellos, monedas] to collect; [fondos] to raise; [personas] to bring together;
poco a poco ha juntado una valiosa colección de cuadros she has gradually put together a valuable collection of paintings;

he ido juntando dinero todo el año para las vacaciones I've been saving up all year for my Br holidays o US vacation;

juntaron todos los departamentos en un solo edificio they brought all the departments together in a single building

♦ See also the pronominal verb juntarse

* * *

juntar

v/t

1 put together; bienes collect, accumulate

2 gente gather together

* * *

juntar vt

1) unir: to unite, to combine, to put together

2) reunir: to collect, to gather together, to assemble

3) : to close partway

juntar la puerta: to leave the door ajar

♦ See also the reflexive verb juntarse

* * *

juntar vb

1. (poner juntos) to put together [pt. & pp. put]

juntaron las dos camas they put the two beds together

2. (unir) to join together

hay que juntar todas las piezas you have to join all the pieces together

3. (reunir) to get together

juntó a toda la familia el día de su cumpleaños she got all the family together for her birthday

hemos juntado bastante dinero we've raised quite a lot of money

Spanish-English dictionary > juntar
6 participar

v.

1 to take part, to participate.

participaron diez corredores/equipos (finance) ten runners/teams took part o participated

todo el mundo participó con entusiasmo en la limpieza del río everyone joined in enthusiastically in cleaning up the river

Ese diplomático figuró en el seminario That diplomat took part in the...

2 to receive a share.

3 to notify, to inform, to let know.

* * *

participar

► verbo intransitivo

1 (tomar parte - en una conversación) to participate, take part; (- en un proyecto) to take part; (- en un torneo) to enter, take part

2 (compartir) to share (de, -)

■ yo no participo de tu opinión I don't share your view

3 FINANZAS to have a share

► verbo transitivo

1 (notificar) to notify, inform

* * *

verb

1) to take part, participate

2) share, have a share

3) announce

* * *

1. VI

1) (=tomar parte) to take part, participate frm

participar en un concurso — to take part o participate in a competition

20 países participarán en la cumbre — 20 countries will take part in the summit

participar en una carrera — to take part in a race

2) (Econ)

participar en una empresa — to own shares in a company

participar de los beneficios — to share in the profits

participar de o en una herencia — to share in an estate

3) (=compartir)

participar de una cualidad/opinión — to share a quality/an opinion

2.

VT frm (=informar) to inform

participar algo a algn — to inform sb of sth

* * *
1.
verbo intransitivo

1)

participar (EN algo) — to take part (in something), participate (in something) (frml)

participar activamente en algo — to take an active part in something

2) ( en ganancias) to have a share; ( en empresa) to have a stockholding; ( en lotería)

participa con la cantidad de 500 pesetas — he holds a 500 peseta share

3) ( compartir) (frml)

participar DE algo — de una opinión/un sentimiento to share something
2.
participar vt (frml) ( comunicar) <boda/nacimiento> to announce

tengo que participarles que... — I have to inform you that...

* * *

= go into, have + a hand in, involve, participate, take + part, jump in, share in, come into + play, partake (in/of), become + involved.

Ex. As something you may or may not know, every item going into the processing stream is assigned a priority, and our judgment will in many cases be different from yours, as our needs will be different from yours.

Ex. For the benefit of all users of the thesaurus who have not had a hand in its initial compilation some written record describing the anticipated use of the thesaurus is valuable.

Ex. It recommends the establishment of a centralised Chinese collection by a joint venture involving a charitable trust.

Ex. The LC has also participated in two co-operative programs for the conversion of printed record to machine-readable form.

Ex. This article lists committees in whose work Soviet delegates took part and outlines results.

Ex. The unhappy tendency among teachers -- an occupational neurosis -- is to jump in too early and too often, especially if the talk wanders from direct comments about books under consideration.

Ex. I am honored to have been invited to share in this most important occasion and to have the opportunity to pay my deep respects to your head of department.

Ex. There are, of course, all sorts of other considerations which come into play in determining the income which a publisher might obtain from a book.

Ex. The objective should be to create and entrepreneurial spirit in the midst of bureaucracy whereby all partake in the responsibilities and risks of the library's activities.

Ex. There he became involved in cataloging problems and participated in their public discussion.

----

* no participar = be out of the picture.

* no participar en = be uninvolved in, remain + uninvolved in.

* participar activamente = involve.

* participar activamente en = engage in.

* participar con = chime in with.

* participar de forma activa = involve.

* participar de forma activa en = engage in.

* participar de lleno en = become + a stakeholder in.

* participar de una forma activa = become + involved.

* participar en = engage in, get + involved with/in, become + (a) part of, join in, become + engaged (in/with), engage with.

* participar en un debate = participate + discussion.

* participar por igual en = have + an equal voice in.

* que participan = at play.

* * *
1.
verbo intransitivo

1)

participar (EN algo) — to take part (in something), participate (in something) (frml)

participar activamente en algo — to take an active part in something

2) ( en ganancias) to have a share; ( en empresa) to have a stockholding; ( en lotería)

participa con la cantidad de 500 pesetas — he holds a 500 peseta share

3) ( compartir) (frml)

participar DE algo — de una opinión/un sentimiento to share something
2.
participar vt (frml) ( comunicar) <boda/nacimiento> to announce

tengo que participarles que... — I have to inform you that...

* * *

= go into, have + a hand in, involve, participate, take + part, jump in, share in, come into + play, partake (in/of), become + involved.

Ex: As something you may or may not know, every item going into the processing stream is assigned a priority, and our judgment will in many cases be different from yours, as our needs will be different from yours.

Ex: For the benefit of all users of the thesaurus who have not had a hand in its initial compilation some written record describing the anticipated use of the thesaurus is valuable.

Ex: It recommends the establishment of a centralised Chinese collection by a joint venture involving a charitable trust.

Ex: The LC has also participated in two co-operative programs for the conversion of printed record to machine-readable form.

Ex: This article lists committees in whose work Soviet delegates took part and outlines results.

Ex: The unhappy tendency among teachers -- an occupational neurosis -- is to jump in too early and too often, especially if the talk wanders from direct comments about books under consideration.

Ex: I am honored to have been invited to share in this most important occasion and to have the opportunity to pay my deep respects to your head of department.

Ex: There are, of course, all sorts of other considerations which come into play in determining the income which a publisher might obtain from a book.

Ex: The objective should be to create and entrepreneurial spirit in the midst of bureaucracy whereby all partake in the responsibilities and risks of the library's activities.

Ex: There he became involved in cataloging problems and participated in their public discussion.

* no participar = be out of the picture.

* no participar en = be uninvolved in, remain + uninvolved in.

* participar activamente = involve.

* participar activamente en = engage in.

* participar con = chime in with.

* participar de forma activa = involve.

* participar de forma activa en = engage in.

* participar de lleno en = become + a stakeholder in.

* participar de una forma activa = become + involved.

* participar en = engage in, get + involved with/in, become + (a) part of, join in, become + engaged (in/with), engage with.

* participar en un debate = participate + discussion.

* participar por igual en = have + an equal voice in.

* que participan = at play.

* * *

participar [A1 ]

vi

A (en un debate, concurso) to take part, participate ( frml)

no participó en la carrera she did not take part in o run/swim/ride in the race

diez equipos participaron en el torneo ten teams took part in o played in o participated in the tournament

participó activamente en la toma de decisiones he took an active part in the decision-making

los artistas que participan en el espectáculo the artists taking part in o participating in the show

participaban en la alegría general they shared in the general feeling of happiness

B

1 (en ganancias, en un fondo) to have a share

2 (en una empresa) to have a stockholding o an interest

3

(en una lotería): participa con la cantidad de 2 euros en el número 20179 he holds a 2 euro share in ticket number 20179

C ( frml) participar DE algo ‹de una opinión/un sentimiento› to share sth; ‹de una característica› to share sth

no participo de su optimismo I do not share his optimism

■ participar

vt

A ( frml) (comunicar) ‹matrimonio/nacimiento› to announce

tengo que participarles que … I have to inform you that …

B

1 ‹compañía› to have a stockholding o an interest in

una empresa participada al 50% por Sterosa a company 50% owned by Sterosa

2 ‹capital› to put up, provide

* * *

participar ( conjugate participar) verbo intransitivo
a) ( tomar parte) participar (EN algo) to take part (in sth), participate (in sth) (frml)

b) participar en algo ( en ganancias) to have a share in sth;

( en empresas) to have a stockholding in sth
participar
I verbo intransitivo
1 to take part, participate [en, in]
2 Fin to have shares [en, in]
3 (compartir) participar de, to share
II vtr (comunicar) to notify
' participar' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
consiguientemente
- esperar
- intervenir
- negación
- derecho
- tratar
English:
contribute
- form
- join in
- joust
- opt out
- part
- participant
- participate
- play
- sit in on
- disqualify
- go
- join
- keen
- share

* * *

participar

♦ vi

1. [colaborar, intervenir] to take part, to participate (en in);
participaron diez corredores/equipos ten runners/teams took part o participated;

todo el mundo participó con entusiasmo en la limpieza del río everyone joined in enthusiastically in cleaning up the river

2. Econ to have a share (en in);
varias personas participan en la empresa several people have esp Br shares o esp US stock in the company

3. [recibir] to receive a share (de of);
todos participan de los beneficios everyone has a share in the profits

4. [compartir]
participar de to share;

no participo de tus ideas I don't share your ideas

♦ vt

1. [comunicar]
participar algo a alguien to notify o inform sb of sth;

nos participaron la celebración de la boda we received an announcement of the wedding

2. Econ
una empresa participada por varias sociedades a company in which several firms hold equity interests

* * *

participar

I v/t una noticia announce

II v/i take part (en in), participate (en in)

* * *

participar vi

1) : to participate, to take part

2)

participar en : to have a share in

participar vt

: to announce, to notify

* * *

participar vb to take part [pt. took; pp. taken] / to participate

Spanish-English dictionary > participar
7 дистанционное техническое обслуживание
1. remote sevice
2. remote maintenance
дистанционное техническое обслуживание
Техническое обслуживание объекта, проводимое под управлением персонала без его непосредственного присутствия.
[ОСТ 45.152-99 ]

Параллельные тексты EN-RU из ABB Review. Перевод компании Интент
Service from afar
Дистанционный сервис

ABB’s Remote Service concept is revolutionizing the robotics industry

Разработанная АББ концепция дистанционного обслуживания Remote Service революционизирует робототехнику

ABB robots are found in industrial applications everywhere – lifting, packing, grinding and welding, to name a few. Robust and tireless, they work around the clock and are critical to a company’s productivity. Thus, keeping these robots in top shape is essential – any failure can lead to serious output consequences. But what happens when a robot malfunctions?

Роботы АББ используются во всех отраслях промышленности для перемещения грузов, упаковки, шлифовки, сварки – всего и не перечислить. Надежные и неутомимые работники, способные трудиться день и ночь, они представляют большую ценность для владельца. Поэтому очень важно поддерживать их в надлежащей состоянии, ведь любой отказ может иметь серьезные последствия. Но что делать, если робот все-таки сломался?

ABB’s new Remote Service concept holds the answer: This approach enables a malfunctioning robot to alarm for help itself. An ABB service engineer then receives whole diagnostic information via wireless technology, analyzes the data on a Web site and responds with support in just minutes. This unique service is paying off for customers and ABB alike, and in the process is revolutionizing service thinking.

Ответом на этот вопрос стала новая концепция Remote Service от АББ, согласно которой неисправный робот сам просит о помощи. C помощью беспроводной технологии специалист сервисной службы АББ получает всю необходимую диагностическую информацию, анализирует данные на web-сайте и через считанные минуты выдает рекомендации по устранению отказа. Эта уникальная возможность одинаково ценна как для заказчиков, так и для самой компании АББ. В перспективе она способна в корне изменить весь подход к организации технического обслуживания.

Every minute of production downtime can have financially disastrous consequences for a company. Traditional reactive service is no longer sufficient since on-site service engineer visits also demand great amounts of time and money. Thus, companies not only require faster help from the service organization when needed but they also want to avoid disturbances in production.

Каждая минута простоя производства может привести к губительным финансовым последствиям. Традиционная организация сервиса, предусматривающая ликвидацию возникающих неисправностей, становится все менее эффективной, поскольку вызов сервисного инженера на место эксплуатации робота сопряжен с большими затратами времени и денег. Предприятия требуют от сервисной организации не только более быстрого оказания помощи, но и предотвращения возможных сбоев производства.

In 2006, ABB developed a new approach to better meet customer’s expectations: Using the latest technologies to reach the robots at customer sites around the world, ABB could support them remotely in just minutes, thereby reducing the need for site visits. Thus the new Remote Service concept was quickly brought to fruition and was launched in mid-2007. Statistics show that by using the system the majority of production stoppages can be avoided.

В 2006 г. компания АББ разработала новый подход к удовлетворению ожиданий своих заказчиков. Использование современных технологий позволяет специалистам АББ получать информацию от роботов из любой точки мира и в считанные минуты оказывать помощь дистанционно, в результате чего сокращается количество выездов на место установки. Запущенная в середине 2007 г. концепция Remote Service быстро себя оправдала. Статистика показывает, что её применение позволило предотвратить большое число остановок производства.

Reactive maintenance The hardware that makes ABB Remote Service possible consists of a communication unit, which has a function similar to that of an airplane’s so-called black box 1. This “service box” is connected to the robot’s control system and can read and transmit diagnostic information. The unit not only reads critical diagnostic information that enables immediate support in the event of a failure, but also makes it possible to monitor and analyze the robot’s condition, thereby proactively detecting the need for maintenance.

Устранение возникающих неисправностей Аппаратное устройство, с помощью которого реализуется концепция Remote Service, представляет собой коммуникационный блок, работающий аналогично черному ящику самолета (рис. 1). Этот блок считывает диагностические данные из контроллера робота и передает их по каналу GSM. Считывается не только информация, необходимая для оказания немедленной помощи в случае отказа, но и сведения, позволяющие контролировать и анализировать состояние робота для прогнозирования неисправностей и планирования технического обслуживания.

If the robot breaks down, the service box immediately stores the status of the robot, its historical data (as log files), and diagnostic parameters such as temperature and power supply. Equipped with a built-in modem and using the GSM network, the box transmits the data to a central server for analysis and presentation on a dedicated Web site. Alerts are automatically sent to the nearest of ABB’s 1,200 robot service engineers who then accesses the detailed data and error log to analyze the problem.

При поломке робота сервисный блок немедленно сохраняет данные о его состоянии, сведения из рабочего журнала, а также значения диагностических параметров (температура и характеристики питания). Эти данные передаются встроенным GSM-модемом на центральный сервер для анализа и представления на соответствующем web-сайте. Аварийные сообщения автоматически пересылаются ближайшему к месту аварии одному из 1200 сервисных инженеров-робототехников АББ, который получает доступ к детальной информации и журналу аварий для анализа возникшей проблемы.

A remotely based ABB engineer can then quickly identify the exact fault, offering rapid customer support. For problems that cannot be solved remotely, the service engineer can arrange for quick delivery of spare parts and visit the site to repair the robot. Even if the engineer must make a site visit, service is faster, more efficient and performed to a higher standard than otherwise possible.

Специалист АББ может дистанционно идентифицировать отказ и оказать быструю помощь заказчику. Если неисправность не может быть устранена дистанционно, сервисный инженер организовывает доставку запасных частей и выезд ремонтной бригады. Даже если необходимо разрешение проблемы на месте, предшествующая дистанционная диагностика позволяет минимизировать объем работ и сократить время простоя.

Remote Service enables engineers to “talk” to robots remotely and to utilize tools that enable smart, fast and automatic analysis. The system is based on a machine-to-machine (M2M) concept, which works automatically, requiring human input only for analysis and personalized customer recommendations. ABB was recognized for this innovative solution at the M2M United Conference in Chicago in 2008 Factbox.

Remote Service позволяет инженерам «разговаривать» с роботами на расстоянии и предоставляет в их распоряжение интеллектуальные средства быстрого автоматизированного анализа. Система основана на основе технологии автоматической связи машины с машиной (M2M), где участие человека сводится к анализу данных и выдаче рекомендаций клиенту. В 2008 г. это инновационное решение от АББ получило приз на конференции M2M United Conference в Чикаго (см. вставку).

Proactive maintenance
Remote Service also allows ABB engineers to monitor and detect potential problems in the robot system and opens up new possibilities for proactive maintenance.

Прогнозирование неисправностей
Remote Service позволяет инженерам АББ дистанционно контролировать состояние роботов и прогнозировать возможные неисправности, что открывает новые возможности по организации профилактического обслуживания.

The service box regularly takes condition measurements. By monitoring key parameters over time, Remote Service can identify potential failures and when necessary notify both the end customer and the appropriate ABB engineer. The management and storage of full system backups is a very powerful service to help recover from critical situations caused, for example, by operator errors.

Сервисный блок регулярно выполняет диагностические измерения. Непрерывно контролируя ключевые параметры, Remote Service может распознать потенциальные опасности и, при необходимости, оповещать владельца оборудования и соответствующего специалиста АББ. Резервирование данных для возможного отката является мощным средством, обеспечивающим восстановление системы в критических ситуациях, например, после ошибки оператора.

The first Remote Service installation took place in the automotive industry in the United States and quickly proved its value. The motherboard in a robot cabinet overheated and the rise in temperature triggered an alarm via Remote Service. Because of the alarm, engineers were able to replace a faulty fan, preventing a costly production shutdown.

Первая система Remote Service была установлена на автозаводе в США и очень скоро была оценена по достоинству. Она обнаружила перегрев материнской платы в шкафу управления роботом и передала сигнал о превышении допустимой температуры, благодаря чему инженеры смогли заменить неисправный вентилятор и предотвратить дорогостоящую остановку производства.

MyRobot: 24-hour remote access

Having regular access to a robot’s condition data is also essential to achieving lean production. At any time, from any location, customers can verify their robots’ status and access maintenance information and performance reports simply by logging in to ABB’s MyRobot Web site. The service enables customers to easily compare performances, identify bottlenecks or developing issues, and initiate the most

Сайт MyRobot: круглосуточный дистанционный доступ
Для того чтобы обеспечить бесперебойное производство, необходимо иметь регулярный доступ к информации о состоянии робота. Зайдя на соответствующую страницу сайта MyRobot компании АББ, заказчики получат все необходимые данные, включая сведения о техническом обслуживании и отчеты о производительности своего робота. Эта услуга позволяет легко сравнивать данные о производительности, обнаруживать возможные проблемы, а также оптимизировать планирование технического обслуживания и модернизации. С помощью MyRobot можно значительно увеличить выпуск продукции и уменьшить количество выбросов.

Award-winning solution
In June 2008, the innovative Remote Service solution won the Gold Value Chain award at the M2M United Conference in Chicago. The value chain award honors successful corporate adopters of M2M (machine–to-machine) technology and highlights the process of combining multiple technologies to deliver high-quality services to customers. ABB won in the categoryof Smart Services.

Приз за удачное решение
В июне 2008 г. инновационное решение Remote Service получило награду Gold Value Chain (Золотая цепь) на конференции M2M United Conference в Чикаго. «Золотая цепь» присуждается за успешное масштабное внедрение технологии M2M (машина – машина), а также за достижения в объединении различных технологий для предоставления высококачественных услуг заказчикам. АББ одержала победу в номинации «Интеллектуальный сервис».

Case study: Tetley Tetley GB Ltd is the world’s second-largest manufacturer and distributor of tea. The company’s manufacturing and distribution business is spread across 40 countries and sells over 60 branded tea bags. Tetley’s UK tea production facility in Eaglescliffe, County Durham is the sole producer of Tetley tea bags 2.

Пример применения: Tetley Компания TetleyGB Ltd является вторым по величине мировым производителем и поставщиком чая. Производственные и торговые филиалы компании имеются в 40 странах, а продукция распространяется под 60 торговыми марками. Чаеразвесочная фабрика в Иглсклифф, графство Дарем, Великобритания – единственный производитель чая Tetley в пакетиках (рис. 2).

ABB offers a flexible choice of service agreements for both new and existing robot installations, which can help extend the mean time between failures, shorten the time to repair and lower the cost of automated production.

Предлагаемые АББ контракты на выполнение технического обслуживания как уже имеющихся, так и вновь устанавливаемых роботов, позволяют значительно увеличить среднюю наработку на отказ, сократить время ремонта и общую стоимость автоматизированного производства.

Robots in the plant’s production line were tripping alarms and delaying the whole production cycle. The spurious alarms resulted in much unnecessary downtime that was spent resetting the robots in the hope that another breakdown could be avoided. Each time an alarm was tripped, several hours of production time was lost. “It was for this reason that we were keen to try out ABB’s Remote Service agreement,” said Colin Trevor, plant maintenance manager.

Установленные в технологической линии роботы выдавали аварийные сигналы, задерживающие выполнение производственного цикла. Ложные срабатывания вынуждали перезапускать роботов в надежде предотвратить возможные отказы, в результате чего после каждого аварийного сигнала производство останавливалось на несколько часов. «Именно поэтому мы решили попробовать заключить с АББ контракт на дистанционное техническое обслуживание», – сказал Колин Тревор, начальник технической службы фабрики.

To prevent future disruptions caused by unplanned downtime, Tetley signed an ABB Response Package service agreement, which included installing a service box and system infrastructure into the robot control systems. Using the Remote Service solution, ABB remotely monitors and collects data on the “wear and tear” and productivity of the robotic cells; this data is then shared with the customer and contributes to smooth-running production cycles.

Для предотвращения ущерба в результате незапланированных простоев Tetley заключила с АББ контракт на комплексное обслуживание Response Package, согласно которому системы управления роботами были дооборудованы сервисными блоками с необходимой инфраструктурой. С помощью Remote Service компания АББ дистанционно собирает данные о наработке, износе и производительности роботизированных модулей. Эти данные предоставляются заказчику для оптимизации загрузки производственного оборудования.

Higher production uptime
Since the implementation of Remote Service, Tetley has enjoyed greatly reduced robot downtime, with no further disruptions caused by unforeseen problems. “The Remote Service package has dramatically changed the plant,” said Trevor. “We no longer have breakdown issues throughout the shift, helping us to achieve much longer periods of robot uptime. As we have learned, world-class manufacturing facilities need world-class support packages. Remote monitoring of our robots helps us to maintain machine uptime, prevent costly downtime and ensures my employees can be put to more valuable use.”

Увеличение полезного времени
С момента внедрения Remote Service компания Tetley была приятно удивлена резким сокращением простоя роботов и отсутствием незапланированных остановок производства. «Пакет Remote Service резко изменил ситуацию на предприятии», – сказал Тревор. «Мы избавились от простоев роботов и смогли резко увеличить их эксплуатационную готовность. Мы поняли, что для производственного оборудования мирового класса необходим сервисный пакет мирового класса. Дистанционный контроль роботов помогает нам поддерживать их в рабочем состоянии, предотвращать дорогостоящие простои и задействовать наш персонал для выполнения более важных задач».

Service access
Remote Service is available worldwide, connecting more than 500 robots. Companies that have up to 30 robots are often good candidates for the Remote Service offering, as they usually have neither the engineers nor the requisite skills to deal with robotics faults themselves. Larger companies are also enthusiastic about Remote Service, as the proactive services will improve the lifetime of their equipment and increase overall production uptime.

Доступность сервиса
Сеть Remote Service охватывает более 700 роботов по всему миру. Потенциальными заказчиками Remote Service являются компании, имеющие до 30 роботов, но не имеющие инженеров и техников, способных самостоятельно устранять их неисправности. Интерес к Remote Service проявляют и более крупные компании, поскольку они заинтересованы в увеличении срока службы и эксплуатационной готовности производственного оборудования.

In today’s competitive environment, business profitability often relies on demanding production schedules that do not always leave time for exhaustive or repeated equipment health checks. ABB’s Remote Service agreements are designed to monitor its customers’ robots to identify when problems are likely to occur and ensure that help is dispatched before the problem can escalate. In over 60 percent of ABB’s service calls, its robots can be brought back online remotely, without further intervention.

В условиях современной конкуренции окупаемость бизнеса часто зависит от соблюдения жестких графиков производства, не оставляющих времени для полномасштабных или периодических проверок исправности оборудования. Контракт Remote Service предусматривает мониторинг состояния роботов заказчика для прогнозирования возможных неисправностей и принятие мер по их предотвращению. В более чем 60 % случаев для устранения неисправности достаточно дистанционной консультации в сервисной службе АББ, дальнейшего вмешательства не требуется.

ABB offers a flexible choice of service agreements for both new and existing robot installations, which helps extend the mean time between failures, shorten the time to repair and lower the total cost of ownership. With four new packages available – Support, Response, Maintenance and Warranty, each backed up by ABB’s Remote Service technology – businesses can minimize the impact of unplanned downtime and achieve improved production-line efficiency.

Компания АББ предлагает гибкий выбор контрактов на выполнение технического обслуживания как уже имеющихся, так и вновь устанавливаемых роботов, которые позволяют значительно увеличить среднюю наработку на отказ, сократить время ремонта и эксплуатационные расходы. Четыре новых пакета на основе технологии Remote Service – Support, Response, Maintenance и Warranty – позволяют минимизировать внеплановые простои и значительно повысить эффективность производства.

The benefits of Remote Sevice are clear: improved availability, fewer service visits, lower maintenance costs and maximized total cost of ownership. This unique service sets ABB apart from its competitors and is the beginning of a revolution in service thinking. It provides ABB with a great opportunity to improve customer access to its expertise and develop more advanced services worldwide.

Преимущества дистанционного технического обслуживания очевидны: повышенная надежность, уменьшение выездов ремонтных бригад, уменьшение затрат на обслуживание и общих эксплуатационных расходов. Эта уникальная услуга дает компании АББ преимущества над конкурентами и демонстрирует революционный подход к организации сервиса. Благодаря ей компания АББ расширяет доступ заказчиков к опыту своих специалистов и получает возможность более эффективного оказания технической помощи по всему миру.

Тематики

тех. обсл. и ремонт средств электросвязи

Обобщающие термины

виды технического обслуживания и ремонта

EN

remote maintenance
remote sevice

Русско-английский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > дистанционное техническое обслуживание
8 Holden, Sir Isaac

SUBJECT AREA: Textiles

[br]

b. 7 May 1807 Hurlet, between Paisley and Glasgow, Scotland

d. 13 August 1897

[br]

British developer of the wool-combing machine.

[br]

Isaac Holden's father, who had the same name, had been a farmer and lead miner at Alston in Cumbria before moving to work in a coal-mine near Glasgow. After a short period at Kilbarchan grammar school, the younger Isaac was engaged first as a drawboy to two weavers and then, after the family had moved to Johnstone, Scotland, worked in a cotton-spinning mill while attending night school to improve his education. He was able to learn Latin and bookkeeping, but when he was about 15 he was apprenticed to an uncle as a shawl-weaver. This proved to be too much for his strength so he returned to scholastic studies and became Assistant to an able teacher, John Kennedy, who lectured on physics, chemistry and history, which he also taught to his colleague. The elder Isaac died in 1826 and the younger had to provide for his mother and younger brother, but in 1828, at the age of 21, he moved to a teaching post in Leeds. He filled similar positions in Huddersfield and Reading, where in October 1829 he invented and demonstrated the lucifer match but did not seek to exploit it. In 1830 he returned because of ill health to his mother in Scotland, where he began to teach again. However, he was recommended as a bookkeeper to William Townend, member of the firm of Townend Brothers, Cullingworth, near Bingley, Yorkshire. Holden moved there in November 1830 and was soon involved in running the mill, eventually becoming a partner.

In 1833 Holden urged Messrs Townend to introduce seven wool-combing machines of Collier's designs, but they were found to be very imperfect and brought only trouble and loss. In 1836 Holden began experimenting on the machines until they showed reasonable success. He decided to concentrate entirely on developing the combing machine and in 1846 moved to Bradford to form an alliance with Samuel Lister. A joint patent in 1847 covered improvements to the Collier combing machine. The "square motion" imitated the action of the hand-comber more closely and was patented in 1856. Five more patents followed in 1857 and others from 1858 to 1862. Holden recommended that the machines should be introduced into France, where they would be more valuable for the merino trade. This venture was begun in 1848 in the joint partnership of Lister \& Holden, with equal shares of profits. Holden established a mill at Saint-Denis, first with Donisthorpe machines and then with his own "square motion" type. Other mills were founded at Rheims and at Croix, near Roubaix. In 1858 Lister decided to retire from the French concerns and sold his share to Holden. Soon after this, Holden decided to remodel all their machinery for washing and carding the gill machines as well as perfecting the square comb. Four years of excessive application followed, during which time £20,000 was spent in experiments in a small mill at Bradford. The result fully justified the expenditure and the Alston Works was built in Bradford.

Holden was a Liberal and from 1865 to 1868 he represented Knaresborough in Parliament. Later he became the Member of Parliament for the Northern Division of the Riding, Yorkshire, and then for the town of Keighley after the constituencies had been altered. He was liberal in his support of religious, charitable and political objectives. His house at Oakworth, near Keighley, must have been one of the earliest to have been lit by electricity.

[br]

Principal Honours and Distinctions

Baronet 1893.

Bibliography

1847, with Samuel Lister, British patent no. 11,896 (improved Collier combing machine). 1856. British patent no. 1,058 ("square motion" combing machine).

1857. British patent no. 278 1857, British patent no. 279 1857, British patent no. 280 1857, British patent no. 281 1857, British patent no. 3,177 1858, British patent no. 597 1859, British patent no. 52 1860, British patent no. 810 1862, British patent no. 1,890 1862, British patent no. 3,394

Further Reading

J.Hogg (ed.), c.1888, Fortunes Made in Business, London (provides an account of Holden's life).

Obituary, 1897, Engineer 84.

Obituary, 1897, Engineering 64.

E.M.Sigsworth, 1973, "Sir Isaac Holden, Bt: the first comber in Europe", in N.B.Harte and K.G.Ponting (eds), Textile History and Economic History, Essays in Honour of

Miss Julia de Lacy Mann, Manchester.

W.English, 1969, The Textile Industry, London (provides a good explanation of the square motion combing machine).

RLH

Biographical history of technology > Holden, Sir Isaac
9 Spencer, Christopher Miner

SUBJECT AREA: Mechanical, pneumatic and hydraulic engineering, Textiles, Weapons and armour

[br]

b. 10 June 1833 Manchester, Connecticut, USA

d. 14 January 1922 Hartford, Connecticut, USA

[br]

American mechanical engineer and inventor.

[br]

Christopher M.Spencer served an apprenticeship from 1847 to 1849 in the machine shop at the silk mills of Cheney Brothers in his native town and remained there for a few years as a journeyman machinist. In 1853 he went to Rochester, New York, to obtain experience with machinery other than that used in the textile industry. He then spent some years with the Colt Armory at Hartford, Connecticut, before returning to Cheney Brothers, where he obtained his first patent, which was for a silk-winding machine.

Spencer had long been interested in firearms and in 1860 he obtained a patent for a repeating rifle. The Spencer Repeating Rifle Company was organized for its manufacture, and before the end of the American Civil War about 200,000 rifles had been produced. He patented a number of other improvements in firearms and in 1868 was associated with Charles E.Billings (1835–1920) in the Roper Arms Company, set up at Amherst, Massachusetts, to manufacture Spencer's magazine gun. This was not a success, however, and in 1869 they moved to Hartford, Connecticut, and formed the Billings \& Spencer Company. There they developed the technology of the drop hammer and Spencer continued his inventive work, which included an automatic turret lathe for producing metal screws. The patent that he obtained for this in 1873 inexplicably failed to protect the essential feature of the machine which provided the automatic action, with the result that Spencer received no patent right on the most valuable feature of the machine.

In 1874 Spencer withdrew from active connection with Billings \& Spencer, although he remained a director, and in 1876 he formed with others the Hartford Machine Screw Company. However, he withdrew in 1882 to form the Spencer Arms Company at Windsor, Connecticut, for the manufacture of another of his inventions, a repeating shotgun. But this company failed and Spencer returned to the field of automatic lathes, and in 1893 he organized the Spencer Automatic Machine Screw Company at Windsor, where he remained until his retirement.

[br]

Further Reading

J.W.Roe, 1916, English and American Tool Builders, New Haven; reprinted 1926, New York, and 1987, Bradley, Ill. (briefly describes his career and his automatic lathes).

L.T.C.Rolt, 1965, Tools for the Job, London; repub. 1986 (gives a brief description of Spencer's automatic lathes).

RTS

Biographical history of technology > Spencer, Christopher Miner
10 defecto

m.

1 defect.

no le veo ningún defecto a esta casa I can't see anything wrong with this house

defecto de fábrica o fabricación defect in manufacturing

defecto de forma administrative error

defecto del habla o de pronunciación speech defect o impediment

2 fault, shortcoming, vice, deficiency.

* * *

defecto

► nombre masculino

1 (gen) defect, fault; (de una joya) imperfection, flaw

2 (de persona - moral) fault, shortcoming; (- física) handicap

■ nació con un defecto físico she was born handicapped

\

FRASEOLOGÍA

en defecto de for lack of

pecar por defecto to be too conservative

■ al hacer la comida, pecó por defecto when she made lunch, she didn't do enough

por defecto INFORMÁTICA default

■ la impresora por defecto the default printer

defecto de pronunciación speech defect

defecto de fábrica manufacturing fault

* * *

noun m.

1) defect

2) flaw

* * *

SM

1) [de persona] [físico] defect; [de personalidad] fault, shortcoming

un defecto congénito — a congenital defect

el defecto que tiene es su mal genio — his one fault o shortcoming is his bad temper, the one flaw in his character is his bad temper

su único defecto es que no sabe escribir a máquina — his only shortcoming is that he can't type

defecto de fonación, defecto del habla, defecto de pronunciación — speech defect, speech impediment

defecto de visión, tiene un defecto de visión — he has defective eyesight

defecto físico — physical defect

2) [de máquina, sistema] fault; [de tela, vestido, ornamento] flaw, defect

el defecto de tu teoría es su superficialidad — the flaw in your theory is its superficiality

tiene un defecto de fábrica o fabricación — it has a manufacturing defect o fault, it's faulty o defective

3) (Jur)

defecto de forma — technicality

defecto legal — legal defect

4)

en su defecto: Manolo, o en su defecto, Gonzalo — Manolo, or failing him o failing that, Gonzalo

por defecto — (Inform) by default

pecar por defecto —

antes no paraba de hablar y ahora peca por defecto — before, she never stopped talking, and now she's gone to the other extreme o she's gone too far the other way

- más vale pecar por exceso que por defecto

* * *

masculino

1)

a) ( en un sistema) fault, flaw, defect

este material tiene un pequeño defecto — there's a slight flaw o defect in this material

a todo le encuentra defectos — she finds fault with everything

b) ( de una persona) fault, shortcoming

a pesar de mis defectos — in spite of my faults

tiene el defecto de nunca escuchar lo que se le dice — she has the bad habit of never listening to what people say to her

- defecto de fábrica

- defecto físico

2) (frml)

en su defecto: presentar el carnet de identidad o, en su defecto, el pasaporte present your identity card or if this is not possible, your passport; usar un desinfectante o, en su defecto, agua limpia — use a disinfectant, or, failing that, clean water

* * *

= deficiency, failing, fault, flaw, imperfection, inadequacy, shortcoming, blemish, defect, disfigurement, nick.

Ex. In view of the frequency with which users could benefit from references to a broader subject this omission must be regarded as a deficiency of A/Z subject catalogue.

Ex. No supervisor should be a tiresome nag, but the achievements and failings of a persons's performance deserves mention in a constructive way at timely, regular intervals.

Ex. Documents and information can be lost forever by faults in inputting.

Ex. The author lists 10 advantages of procuring the journals through STC, but counterbalances these by listing 14 flaws in the corporation's organisation.

Ex. And some of those imperfections are a result of the LC subject headings, the syndetic structure, the lack of cross-references, the obsolescence of terminology, and all the other criticisms.

Ex. Inadequacies in the specific A/Z subject index entry made for a subject can also occur if the indexer bases his analysis solely on the class number for that subject.

Ex. He wrote to James explaining the shortcomings of his catalog.

Ex. Caslon rejected the brash contrast of the later Dutch founts, and produced types that were without serious blemish, but also without much life.

Ex. This book offers pithy and witty advice on how to write, defects in prose style, punctuation, and preparing a manuscript.

Ex. Owners of rare and valuable books face a special dilemma -- identification marks can be disfigurements and actually reduce the value of the books.

Ex. The table was purchased a year and a half ago as a conference table and has a few nicks and scratches but still looks good.

----

* causado por un defecto eléctrico = electrically-caused.

* con todos su defectos = warts and all.

* defecto congénito = congenital defect, congenital abnormality, birth defect.

* defecto de diseño = design fault.

* defecto del habla = speech impediment.

* defecto de nacimiento = birth defect.

* defecto genético = gene defect, birth defect.

* defecto hereditario = birth defect.

* defectos = rough edges.

* defectos inherentes = inherent vice.

* encontrar defectos = fault.

* encontrar defectos en = find + fault with, see + faults in.

* encontrarle defectos a todo = nitpick.

* en su defecto = failing that/these.

* faltas y defectos = faults and inadequacies, snags and pitfalls, snags and problems.

* hallar defectos en = find + fault with, see + faults in.

* información por defecto = default.

* operación por defecto = default.

* por defecto = by default, default.

* sacarle defectos a todo = nitpick.

* seguir trabajando aceptando un defecto = work (a)round + shortcoming.

* sin defecto = untainted, unblemished.

* subsanar un defecto = remedy + defect, remedy + fault.

* surgir un defecto = arise + fault.

* tomar por defecto = default to.

* * *

masculino

1)

a) ( en un sistema) fault, flaw, defect

este material tiene un pequeño defecto — there's a slight flaw o defect in this material

a todo le encuentra defectos — she finds fault with everything

b) ( de una persona) fault, shortcoming

a pesar de mis defectos — in spite of my faults

tiene el defecto de nunca escuchar lo que se le dice — she has the bad habit of never listening to what people say to her

- defecto de fábrica

- defecto físico

2) (frml)

en su defecto: presentar el carnet de identidad o, en su defecto, el pasaporte present your identity card or if this is not possible, your passport; usar un desinfectante o, en su defecto, agua limpia — use a disinfectant, or, failing that, clean water

* * *

= deficiency, failing, fault, flaw, imperfection, inadequacy, shortcoming, blemish, defect, disfigurement, nick.

Ex: In view of the frequency with which users could benefit from references to a broader subject this omission must be regarded as a deficiency of A/Z subject catalogue.

Ex: No supervisor should be a tiresome nag, but the achievements and failings of a persons's performance deserves mention in a constructive way at timely, regular intervals.

Ex: Documents and information can be lost forever by faults in inputting.

Ex: The author lists 10 advantages of procuring the journals through STC, but counterbalances these by listing 14 flaws in the corporation's organisation.

Ex: And some of those imperfections are a result of the LC subject headings, the syndetic structure, the lack of cross-references, the obsolescence of terminology, and all the other criticisms.

Ex: Inadequacies in the specific A/Z subject index entry made for a subject can also occur if the indexer bases his analysis solely on the class number for that subject.

Ex: He wrote to James explaining the shortcomings of his catalog.

Ex: Caslon rejected the brash contrast of the later Dutch founts, and produced types that were without serious blemish, but also without much life.

Ex: This book offers pithy and witty advice on how to write, defects in prose style, punctuation, and preparing a manuscript.

Ex: Owners of rare and valuable books face a special dilemma -- identification marks can be disfigurements and actually reduce the value of the books.

Ex: The table was purchased a year and a half ago as a conference table and has a few nicks and scratches but still looks good.

* causado por un defecto eléctrico = electrically-caused.

* con todos su defectos = warts and all.

* defecto congénito = congenital defect, congenital abnormality, birth defect.

* defecto de diseño = design fault.

* defecto del habla = speech impediment.

* defecto de nacimiento = birth defect.

* defecto genético = gene defect, birth defect.

* defecto hereditario = birth defect.

* defectos = rough edges.

* defectos inherentes = inherent vice.

* encontrar defectos = fault.

* encontrar defectos en = find + fault with, see + faults in.

* encontrarle defectos a todo = nitpick.

* en su defecto = failing that/these.

* faltas y defectos = faults and inadequacies, snags and pitfalls, snags and problems.

* hallar defectos en = find + fault with, see + faults in.

* información por defecto = default.

* operación por defecto = default.

* por defecto = by default, default.

* sacarle defectos a todo = nitpick.

* seguir trabajando aceptando un defecto = work (a)round + shortcoming.

* sin defecto = untainted, unblemished.

* subsanar un defecto = remedy + defect, remedy + fault.

* surgir un defecto = arise + fault.

* tomar por defecto = default to.

* * *

defecto

masculine

A

1 (en un sistema) fault, flaw, defect

este material tiene un pequeño defecto there's a slight flaw o defect in this material

a todo le encuentra defectos she finds fault with everything

el plan tiene muchos defectos the plan has a lot of defects o a lot of things wrong with it

un defecto en el sistema de frenos a fault o defect in the braking system

2 (de una persona) fault

es un defecto suyo it's one of her faults, it's a defect in her character

tiene el defecto de nunca escuchar lo que se le dice she has the bad habit of never listening to what people say to her

me quiere a pesar de mis defectos he loves me in spite of my faults

pecar por defecto: pecaron por defecto en las previsiones they were too conservative in their estimates

antes preparaba demasiada comida y ahora peca por defecto she always used to make too much food but now she's gone to the other extreme o too far the other way

Compuestos:

● defecto de fábrica

manufacturing fault o defect

tenía un defecto de fábrica it was faulty o defective

● defecto físico

physical handicap

B ( frml):

en su defecto: limpiar con desinfectante o, en su defecto, con agua limpia clean with disinfectant, or, failing that, use clean water

el director o, en su defecto, su secretaria the director or, in his absence o if he is not available, his secretary

C

por defecto ( Inf) by default

configurar algo por defecto to configure sth by default

opción/valor por defecto default option/value

* * *

defecto sustantivo masculino
a) ( en un sistema) fault, flaw, defect;

◊ defecto de fábrica manufacturing fault o defect

b) ( de una persona) fault, shortcoming;

◊ defecto físico physical handicap

defecto sustantivo masculino defect, fault
defecto físico, physical defect
' defecto' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
adolecer
- falla
- lacra
- rectificar
- redondear
- rozar
- tara
- cecear
- ceceo
- corregir
- deficiencia
- desperfecto
- disimular
- falta
- incorregible
- limitación
- pero
- pifia
- sacar
- tapar
English:
default setting
- defect
- deficiency
- failing
- fault
- flaw
- impediment
- imperfection
- point
- redeem
- show up
- speech defect
- default
- short

* * *

defecto

♦ nm

1. [físico] defect (en in);
no le veo ningún defecto a esta casa I can't see anything wrong with this house;

siempre le saca defectos a todo he's always finding fault with everything

Comp
defecto de fábrica manufacturing defect;
defecto de fabricación manufacturing defect;

defecto físico physical handicap;
Der defecto de forma procedural error;
defecto del habla speech impairment;

defecto de pronunciación speech defect

2. [moral] fault, shortcoming;

su único defecto es la soberbia his only fault o flaw is his pride;

tenía el defecto de llegar siempre tarde she had the bad habit of always being late

♦ en su defecto loc adv

el arzobispo o, en su defecto, el obispo oficiará la ceremonia the ceremony will be conducted by the archbishop or, in the absence of the archbishop, by the bishop;

acuda a la embajada o, en su defecto, al consulado más cercano go to the embassy or, alternatively, to the nearest consulate

♦ por defecto loc adv

1. Informát & Tec [automáticamente] by default;

la letra que te sale por defecto es Arial the default typeface is Arial

2. [tirando por lo bajo]
más vale pecar por exceso que por defecto too much is better than not enough

* * *

defecto

m

1 defect; moral fault

2 INFOR default

3

:

en defecto de for lack of, for want of;

en su defecto failing that

* * *

defecto nm

1) : defect, flaw, shortcoming

2)

en su defecto : lacking that, in the absence of that

* * *

defecto n

1. (en general) defect / fault

un defecto del oído a hearing defect

la lavadora tiene un defecto de fábrica the washing machine is faulty

2. (moral) fault

su peor defecto es que siempre quiere tener razón his worse fault is that he always has to be right

3. (en ropa) flaw

la blusa tiene un defecto the blouse has a flaw in it

Spanish-English dictionary > defecto
11 nido

m.

1 nest.

irse del nido (figurative) to leave the nest

2 home, abode.

3 nidus.

* * *

nido

► nombre masculino

1 nest

\

FRASEOLOGÍA

caerse del nido figurado to be born yesterday

■ ¿qué te crees, que me acabo de caer del nido o qué? what do you take me for? I wasn't born yesterday you know!

nido de abeja smocking

nido de amor love nest

nido de ladrones den of thieves

* * *

noun m.

nest

* * *

SM

1) [gen] nest

- caer del nido

- parece que se ha caído de un nido

- manchar el propio nido

nido de abeja — [en tela] honeycomb pattern

nido de amor — love-nest

nido de víboras — nest of vipers

2) (=escondrijo) hiding place

un nido de ladrones — a den of thieves

3) [de conflictos] hotbed; [de discusiones] focus

el reparto de premios fue un nido de polémicas — the prize giving gave rise to heated arguments

4) [en hospital] baby unit

5) [de bebé] (=camita) cot; (=corralito) play-pen

6) (=emplazamiento)

nido de ametralladoras — machine-gun nest

* * *

masculino

a) (de aves, insectos) nest

caerse del nido — (fam)

¿tú te crees que yo me he caído del nido? — I wasn't born yesterday, you know! (colloq)

ser un nido de víboras — to be a nest of vipers

b) ( hogar) nest

los hijos ya han dejado el nido — the children have already flown the nest

c) ( guarida) den

un nido de ladrones — a den of thieves

- nido de amor

* * *

= backlog, nest, leper colony, nidus.

Ex. When the move took place in 1897, it was found that there was a backlog of some thirty years of uncatalogued and unbound material.

Ex. Here the idea of chronological sequence may be used; for example, when considering the relative position in the overall order of 'birds' and 'nests', birds must come first.

Ex. Without data protection legislation the UK could become the leper colony of unsafe information with companies in other countries refusing to transmit valuable data into the UK.

Ex. The sacrum was used in sacrificial rites, was considered to play an important role in protecting the genitalia and its intactness as a nidus for resurrection at the Day of Judgment was vital.

----

* cama nido = truckle bed, trumple bed, trundle bed.

* dejar el nido = fly + the nest, leave + the nest.

* nido comestible = esculent nest.

* nido de avispas = hornet's nest, wasps' nest.

* nido de cuervo = crow's nest.

* nido familiar = family nest.

* volar del nido = fly + the nest, leave + the nest.

* * *

masculino

a) (de aves, insectos) nest

caerse del nido — (fam)

¿tú te crees que yo me he caído del nido? — I wasn't born yesterday, you know! (colloq)

ser un nido de víboras — to be a nest of vipers

b) ( hogar) nest

los hijos ya han dejado el nido — the children have already flown the nest

c) ( guarida) den

un nido de ladrones — a den of thieves

- nido de amor

* * *

= backlog, nest, leper colony, nidus.

Ex: When the move took place in 1897, it was found that there was a backlog of some thirty years of uncatalogued and unbound material.

Ex: Here the idea of chronological sequence may be used; for example, when considering the relative position in the overall order of 'birds' and 'nests', birds must come first.

Ex: Without data protection legislation the UK could become the leper colony of unsafe information with companies in other countries refusing to transmit valuable data into the UK.

Ex: The sacrum was used in sacrificial rites, was considered to play an important role in protecting the genitalia and its intactness as a nidus for resurrection at the Day of Judgment was vital.

* cama nido = truckle bed, trumple bed, trundle bed.

* dejar el nido = fly + the nest, leave + the nest.

* nido comestible = esculent nest.

* nido de avispas = hornet's nest, wasps' nest.

* nido de cuervo = crow's nest.

* nido familiar = family nest.

* volar del nido = fly + the nest, leave + the nest.

* * *

nido

masculine

1 (de aves, insectos) nest

caerse del nido ( fam): ¿tú te crees que yo me he caído del nido? I wasn't born yesterday, you know! ( colloq)

parece que se acaba de caer del nido he's so naive o ( colloq) green

ser un nido de víboras to be a nest of vipers

en los nidos de antaño no hay pájaros hogaño ( arc); things have changed o time doesn't stand still

2 (hogar) nest

los hijos ya han dejado el nido the children have already left home o flown the nest

3 (en una guardería) babies' sleeping area

4 (guarida) den

un nido de ladrones a den of thieves

cama, mesa

Compuestos:

● nido de abeja

smocking

● nido de ametralladoras

machine-gun nest

● nido de amor

love nest

* * *

nido sustantivo masculino
nest;
◊ un nido de ladrones a den of thieves;

un nido de amor a love nest
nido sustantivo masculino
1 Zool nest
2 (casa, hogar) nest: tus hijos pronto abandonarán el nido, your children will be leaving home soon
3 (guarida, refugio) den: el palacio es un nido de traidores, the palace is a den of traitors
figurado este departamento es un nido de víboras, this department is a nest of vipers
4 (lugar propicio) hotbed: ese ayuntamiento es un nido de discordia, there's a lot of in-fighting going on in that town council
5 (de armas, etc) nest: a 50 metros había un nido de ametralladoras, there was a machine-gun emplacement 50 metres away
6 (en un hospital) child-care unit

' nido' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
avispero
- hacer
- hormiguero
- jicotera
English:
nest
- out of

* * *

nido nm

1. [refugio de animal] nest;

Comp

caerse de un nido: ¿te crees que me he caído de un nido? I wasn't born yesterday, you know

2. [en hospital] baby unit;
[en guardería] babies' room
3. [lugar de reunión]
un nido de vicio/ladrones a den of vice/thieves;

esa zona es un nido de prostitución that area is crawling with prostitutes;

ese cuartel es un nido de conspiradores that barracks is crawling with conspirators;

Comp

ser un nido de víboras to be a nest of vipers

4. [hogar] nest;

los niños ya han salido del nido the children have already left o flown the nest;

nido de amor love nest

5. [origen] breeding ground;

esa mesa es un nido de polvo that table seems to attract the dust

6. nido de abeja [punto] smocking

7. nido de ametralladoras [emplazamiento] machine-gun nest

* * *

nido

m nest

* * *

nido nm

1) : nest

2) : hiding place, den

* * *

nido n nest

Spanish-English dictionary > nido
12 astuto

adj.

1 sly, artful, astute, crafty.

2 clever, sharp, quick-witted, sharp-witted.

* * *

astuto

► adjetivo

1 astute, cunning, shrewd

* * *

(f. - astuta)

adj.

1) astute, shrewd

2) crafty

* * *

ADJ (=sagaz) astute, clever; (=mañoso) crafty, sly

* * *

- ta adjetivo ( sagaz) shrewd, astute; (pey) ( taimado) crafty, cunning

* * *

= clever [cleverer -comp., cleverest -sup.], shrewd [shrewder -comp., shrewdest -sup.], wily [wilier -comp., wiliest -sup.], streetwise [street-wise], astute, skilful [skillful, -USA], cunning, crafty, shifty, canny, artful, sly [slyer/slier -comp., slyest/sliest -sup.].

Ex. It is readily possible to construct a machine which will manipulate premises in accordance with formal logic, simply by the clever use of relay circuits.

Ex. Payment is very important and can be a problem so the businessman needs to be streetwise and shrewd with a good business acumen.

Ex. But he was wiry and wily, too, and he could often out-run, track, back-track, double-back, and finally dodge unseen in the subway.

Ex. And because it refuses to express itself in the kind of language we have to assume would be natural to Slake himself slangy, staccato, flip, street-wise we are forced into the position of observing him rather than feeling at one with him.

Ex. It requires an extraordinarily astute librarian to uncover this shortcoming at the interview stage.

Ex. The acquisition of these materials is a skilful job demanding the sort of dedication that a housewife brings to the running of her home.

Ex. The article 'Collection development policies: a cunning plan' looks at the value of collection development policy statements and what they can and cannot do.

Ex. Crafty! He wanted nothing to do with the straitjacket of guidelines and so-called standards = ¡Qué astuto! no quería saber nada de las restricciones que imponen las directrices y las "supuestas" normas.

Ex. 'Client' has overtones of shifty lawyers and overpaid realtors.

Ex. The principles behind successful commercial Web sites (clear mission, valuable content, clean design and canny publicity) can be applied by academics in establishing non-profit Web sites.

Ex. She is not just lissome and beautiful, but also cultured, artful, expressive, and energetic.

Ex. You must be a bit sly sometimes to succeed in the world.

----

* ser más astuto que = outfox, outwit, outsmart.

* tan astuto como un zorro = as sly as a fox, as wily as a fox.

* * *

- ta adjetivo ( sagaz) shrewd, astute; (pey) ( taimado) crafty, cunning

* * *

= clever [cleverer -comp., cleverest -sup.], shrewd [shrewder -comp., shrewdest -sup.], wily [wilier -comp., wiliest -sup.], streetwise [street-wise], astute, skilful [skillful, -USA], cunning, crafty, shifty, canny, artful, sly [slyer/slier -comp., slyest/sliest -sup.].

Ex: It is readily possible to construct a machine which will manipulate premises in accordance with formal logic, simply by the clever use of relay circuits.

Ex: Payment is very important and can be a problem so the businessman needs to be streetwise and shrewd with a good business acumen.

Ex: But he was wiry and wily, too, and he could often out-run, track, back-track, double-back, and finally dodge unseen in the subway.

Ex: And because it refuses to express itself in the kind of language we have to assume would be natural to Slake himself slangy, staccato, flip, street-wise we are forced into the position of observing him rather than feeling at one with him.

Ex: It requires an extraordinarily astute librarian to uncover this shortcoming at the interview stage.

Ex: The acquisition of these materials is a skilful job demanding the sort of dedication that a housewife brings to the running of her home.

Ex: The article 'Collection development policies: a cunning plan' looks at the value of collection development policy statements and what they can and cannot do.

Ex: Crafty! He wanted nothing to do with the straitjacket of guidelines and so-called standards = ¡Qué astuto! no quería saber nada de las restricciones que imponen las directrices y las "supuestas" normas.

Ex: 'Client' has overtones of shifty lawyers and overpaid realtors.

Ex: The principles behind successful commercial Web sites (clear mission, valuable content, clean design and canny publicity) can be applied by academics in establishing non-profit Web sites.

Ex: She is not just lissome and beautiful, but also cultured, artful, expressive, and energetic.

Ex: You must be a bit sly sometimes to succeed in the world.

* ser más astuto que = outfox, outwit, outsmart.

* tan astuto como un zorro = as sly as a fox, as wily as a fox.

* * *

astuto -ta

adjective

1 (sagaz) shrewd, astute

no la podrás engañar, es demasiado astuta you won't be able to fool her, she's too shrewd o astute o ( colloq) smart

2 ( pey) (taimado) crafty, wily, cunning

* * *

astuto
◊ -ta adjetivo ( sagaz) shrewd, astute;

( ladino) (pey) crafty, sly, cunning
astuto,-a adjetivo astute, shrewd
' astuto' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
astuta
- cuca
- cuco
- espabilada
- espabilado
- guachinanga
- guachinango
- hábil
- ladina
- ladino
- pilla
- pillo
- zorra
- zorro
- jodido
- listo
- pícaro
- piola
- taimado
- vivo
English:
artful
- astute
- canny
- crafty
- cunning
- foxy
- outfox
- outsmart
- sharp
- shrewd
- sly
- tricky
- worldly-wise
- wily

* * *

astuto, -a adj

1. [ladino, tramposo] cunning

2. [sagaz, listo] astute

* * *

astuto

adj shrewd, astute

* * *

astuto, -ta adj

1) : astute, shrewd

2) : crafty, tricky

♦ astutamente adv

* * *

astuto adj

1. (hábil) shrewd / astute

es astuta y no se deja engañar fácilmente she's shrewd and is not easily deceived

2. (malicioso) cunning / sly [comp. slyer; superl. slyest]

se dice que el zorro es muy astuto people say foxes are very cunning

Spanish-English dictionary > astuto
13 Johnson, Eldridge Reeves

SUBJECT AREA: Recording

[br]

b. 18 February 1867 Wilmington, Delaware, USA

d. 14 November 1945 Moorestown, New Jersey, USA

[br]

American industrialist, founder and owner of the Victor Talking Machine Company; developer of many basic constructions in mechanical sound recording and the reproduction and manufacture of gramophone records.

[br]

He graduated from the Dover Academy (Delaware) in 1882 and was apprenticed in a machine-repair firm in Philadelphia and studied in evening classes at the Spring Garden Institute. In 1888 he took employment in a small Philadelphia machine shop owned by Andrew Scull, specializing in repair and bookbinding machinery. After travels in the western part of the US, in 1891 he became a partner in Scull \& Johnson, Manufacturing Machinists, and established a further company, the New Jersey Wire Stitching Machine Company. He bought out Andrew Scull's interest in October 1894 (the last instalment being paid in 1897) and became an independent general machinist. In 1896 he had perfected a spring motor for the Berliner flat-disc gramophone, and he started experimenting with a more direct method of recording in a spiral groove: that of cutting in wax. Co-operation with Berliner eventually led to the incorporation of the Victor Talking Machine Company in 1901. The innumerable court cases stemming from the fact that so many patents for various elements in sound recording and reproduction were in very many hands were brought to an end in 1903 when Johnson was material in establishing cross-licencing agreements between Victor, Columbia Graphophone and Edison to create what is known as a patent pool. Early on, Johnson had a thorough experience in all matters concerning the development and manufacture of both gramophones and records. He made and patented many major contributions in all these fields, and his approach was very business-like in that the contribution to cost of each part or process was always a decisive factor in his designs. This attitude was material in his consulting work for the sister company, the Gramophone Company, in London before it set up its own factories in 1910. He had quickly learned the advantages of advertising and of providing customers with durable equipment and records. This motivation was so strong that Johnson set up a research programme for determining the cause of wear in records. It turned out to depend on groove profile, and from 1911 one particular profile was adhered to and processes for transforming the grooves of valuable earlier records were developed. Without precise measuring instruments, he used the durability as the determining factor. Johnson withdrew more and more to the role of manager, and the Victor Talking Machine Company gained such a position in the market that the US anti-trust legislation was used against it. However, a generation change in the Board of Directors and certain erroneous decisions as to product line started a decline, and in February 1926 Johnson withdrew on extended sick leave: these changes led to the eventual sale of Victor. However, Victor survived due to the advent of radio and the electrification of replay equipment and became a part of Radio Corporation of America. In retirement Johnson took up various activities in the arts and sciences and financially supported several projects; his private yacht was used in 1933 in work with the Smithsonian Institution on a deep-sea hydrographie and fauna-collecting expedition near Puerto Rico.

[br]

Bibliography

Johnson's patents were many, and some were fundamental to the development of the gramophone, such as: US patent no. 650,843 (in particular a recording lathe); US patent nos. 655,556, 655,556 and 679,896 (soundboxes); US patent no. 681,918 (making the original conductive for electroplating); US patent no. 739,318 (shellac record with paper label).

Further Reading

Mrs E.R.Johnson, 1913, "Eldridge Reeves Johnson (1867–1945): Industrial pioneer", manuscript (an account of his early experience).

E.Hutto, Jr, "Emile Berliner, Eldridge Johnson, and the Victor Talking Machine Company", Journal of AES 25(10/11):666–73 (a good but brief account based on company information).

E.R.Fenimore Johnson, 1974, His Master's Voice was Eldridge R.Johnson, Milford, Del.

(a very personal biography by his only son).

GB-N

Biographical history of technology > Johnson, Eldridge Reeves
14 شيء

شَيْء \ article: a particular thing: an article of clothing. element: a part of sth.; a quality that is noticed: There is an element of truth in what you say. object: sth. that can be seen or touched: The dead man had been struck with some sharp object, such as an axe. thing: an action: You did the wrong thing, any object I can’t lift heavy things, a matter; an affair He told me some strange things. \ أَشْياء متعاقِبَة أو متتالِيَة \ succession: a number of things that follow each other: a succession of accidents. \ أَشْياء مُسْتَنْقَذَة \ salvage: things that are salvaged; waste material (such as paper and iron) that can be collected, treated and reused. \ أَشْياء نفيسة جدًّا \ treasure: sth. very valuable and rare: art treasures. \ شَيْءٌ آخَر \ other: (in comparisons) a different one: Some smoke; others do not. He likes French cigarettes and won’t smoke any others. This side is dry; the other is wet. \ الشَّيْءُ الأَقَلّ \ least: one that is smallest: That is the least of my troubles! Helping him was the least we could do. \ شَيْءٌ تافه \ trifle: a small unimportant matter: Don’t quarrel over trifles. \ شَيْءٌ ثَمين \ asset: a valuable quality or possession: A fast runner is an asset to his team. \ See Also قيم (قَيِّم)، مكسب (مَكْسَب)‏ \ شَيْءٌ جَذّاب \ attraction: power of attracting; sth. that attracts. \ See Also جذب (جَذْب)‏ \ شَيْءٌ حَرِيّ بالنَّظَر \ sight: sth. that is seen, or is worth seeing: The spring flowers in the public gardens are a wonderful sight. We are going to Rome to see the sights. \ شَيْءٌ شبيه بِـ \ something like: rather like: A rat looks something like a mouse, but it’s bigger. \ See Also مثل (مِثْل)‏ \ شَيْءٌ عَجيب \ wonder: sth. that causes surprise or admiration: Read about the wonders of modern science. Clever men can work wonders (produce surprising results). \ شَيْءٌ عديم القيمة \ dud: sth. useless because it is badly or dishonestly made; sth. that doesn’t work: We bought a dud washing-machine. This coin is a dud. \ شَيْءٌ غَرِيب \ curiosity: a strange object. \ الشَّيْءُ القليل \ little: hardly anything; less than a reasonable amount: He did little to help her. \ شَيْءٌ مؤسِف \ shame: (with a) an unfortunate thing: It’s a shame that you can’t go with us to the park. \ See Also محزن (مُحْزِن)‏ \ شَيْءٌ مَا \ anything: pron. a thing of any kind: Will you have anything to eat?. something: some thing (but usu. anything in questions or negative sentences): Give him something to eat. \ شَيْءٌ مُخْجِل \ shame: a dishonourable thing: It’s a shame to play tricks on a blind man. \ See Also مخز (مُخْزٍ)‏ \ شَيْءٌ مُخَيِّب للأَمَل \ disappointment: (a cause for) being disappointed. \ شَيْءٌ معروض \ exhibit: sth. that is put on show. \ شَيْءٌ مِنْ \ any: pron. in questions; after if or whether: Have you any money? Have you any books on art? I wonder if / whether she has any milk / any bottles of beer?, after not and without: I haven’t got any money / books. He did it without any difficulty. some: (with nouns) an amount of: I need some money. Can you lend me some?. \ See Also أي (أيّ)‏ \ شَيْءٌ مُنْتَج \ production: producing; the quantity of things produced; an act of producing (a play or film): We must increase car production. They saw a new production of ‘Romeo and Juliet’. \ See Also إنتاج (إنْتَاج)‏ \ شَيْءٌ نادر الحصول \ freak: sth. that is rare and peculiar; a living creature of unnatural form: By some strange freak, a little snow fell in Egypt. This animal is a freak; it has two tails. \ شَيْءٌ هائِل الحَجْم \ monster: an unusually large (and often strangely shaped) person or thing; a nasty cruel person: They found the bones of some ancient monster. An aircraft with 500 seats is a real monster. \ شَيْءٌ يُشْتَرَى للاستثمار \ investment: sth. expensive that seems worth it: I bought this picture as an investment (I hope to sell it at a higher price later). \ شَيْءٌ يُشْعَل به (وَلْعَة)‏ \ light: the use of a match or lighter for a cigarette: Can you give me a light?. \ شَيْءٌ يُلهي \ distraction: sth. that takes one’s mind off one’s work. \ See Also يُشْغِل \ والشَّيءُ بالشّيءِ يُذكَر (عِلى فِكْرَة)‏ \ by the way: (used when adding a new idea to what one has said): By the way, did you know his wife was ill?.

Arabic-English dictionary > شيء
15 fastidio

m.

1 nuisance, bother (molestia).

2 annoyance (enfado).

3 drag, hassle, nuisance.

4 boredom, tediousness.

5 fastidium.

pres.indicat.

1^st person singular (yo) present indicative of spanish verb: fastidiar.

* * *

fastidio

► nombre masculino

1 (molestia) bother, nuisance

2 (aburrimiento) boredom

3 (repugnancia) repugnance, revulsion

\

FRASEOLOGÍA

¡qué fastidio! what a nuisance!

* * *

noun m.

annoyance, nuisance

* * *

SM

1) (=molestia) annoyance, bother

¡qué fastidio! — what a nuisance!

2) LAm (=asco) disgust, repugnance

* * *

masculino ( molestia) annoyance

qué fastidio! — what a nuisance!

* * *

= annoyance, nuisance, aggravation, vexation, hassle, irritant, bummer, pest.

Nota: Referido a personas que irritan con su comportamiento.

Ex. False drops are perhaps less of an annoyance in a computer-based system when brief records can be quickly scanned and rejected as necessary.

Ex. However, delays in the generation of centralised records can be a considerable nuisance.

Ex. One reads, for instance, that a parameter in assessing the maximum period a user can be kept waiting is the ' aggravation quotient'.

Ex. Its absence from the ninth edition must have caused some vexation among cataloguers.

Ex. The article is entitled 'How to implement electronic subscriptions replacing the routing list hassle'.

Ex. Common factors affecting the quality of air in libraries include scents and other controllable irritants, dust mites, moulds and other inhaled substances associated with paper and books.

Ex. The article 'Bargains or bummers? Remainders' suggests that despite problems attaching to buying remainders, judicious purchasing of this stock can add valuable books to a library's collection at a very reasonable cost.

Ex. Library users fall into 4 groups: (1) patrons, who are considerate, grateful and undemanding; (2) 'pests' -- the inconsiderate; (3) 'pirates' who steal, deface and mutilate library property and materials; (4) 'vampires' whose enquiries make excessive demands upon the librarian's time.

----

* ser un fastidio = be a pest.

* * *

masculino ( molestia) annoyance

qué fastidio! — what a nuisance!

* * *

= annoyance, nuisance, aggravation, vexation, hassle, irritant, bummer, pest.

Nota: Referido a personas que irritan con su comportamiento.

Ex: False drops are perhaps less of an annoyance in a computer-based system when brief records can be quickly scanned and rejected as necessary.

Ex: However, delays in the generation of centralised records can be a considerable nuisance.

Ex: One reads, for instance, that a parameter in assessing the maximum period a user can be kept waiting is the ' aggravation quotient'.

Ex: Its absence from the ninth edition must have caused some vexation among cataloguers.

Ex: The article is entitled 'How to implement electronic subscriptions replacing the routing list hassle'.

Ex: Common factors affecting the quality of air in libraries include scents and other controllable irritants, dust mites, moulds and other inhaled substances associated with paper and books.

Ex: The article 'Bargains or bummers? Remainders' suggests that despite problems attaching to buying remainders, judicious purchasing of this stock can add valuable books to a library's collection at a very reasonable cost.

Ex: Library users fall into 4 groups: (1) patrons, who are considerate, grateful and undemanding; (2) 'pests' -- the inconsiderate; (3) 'pirates' who steal, deface and mutilate library property and materials; (4) 'vampires' whose enquiries make excessive demands upon the librarian's time.

* ser un fastidio = be a pest.

* * *

fastidio

masculine

1 (molestia) annoyance

¡qué fastidio! what a nuisance!, what a pain o drag! ( colloq)

2

( Col) (asco): les tengo fastidio I think they're revolting

* * *

Del verbo fastidiar: ( conjugate fastidiar)

fastidio es:

1ª persona singular (yo) presente indicativo

fastidió es:

3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) pretérito indicativo

Multiple Entries:
fastidiar
fastidio
fastidió
fastidiar ( conjugate fastidiar) verbo transitivo
a) (molestar, irritar) ‹ persona› to bother, pester

b) (esp Esp fam) ( estropear) ‹mecanismo/plan› to mess up;

‹fiesta/excursión› to spoil;
‹ estómago› to upset
verbo intransitivo:
◊ me fastidia tener que repetir las cosas it annoys me to have to repeat things;

¡no fastidies! ¿de veras? go on! you're kidding! (colloq)
fastidiarse verbo pronominal
a) (AmL fam) ( molestarse) to get annoyed

b) (fam) ( jorobarse):

◊ tendré que fastidiome I'll have to put up with it (colloq);

¡te fastidias! (Esp) tough! (colloq)
c) (Esp fam) ( estropearse) [velada/plan] to be ruined

fastidio sustantivo masculino ( molestia) annoyance;
◊ ¡qué fastidio! what a nuisance!

fastidiar verbo transitivo
1 (causar enojo, molestia) to annoy, bother: me fastidió mucho que no vinieras, I was upset that you couldn't come
2 fam (el pelo, un coche, etc) to damage, ruin: se ha vuelto a fastidiar la lavadora, the washing machine's broken down again
(un proyecto, plan) to spoil
3 (causar una herida) to hurt
fastidio sustantivo masculino
1 (enojo) nuisance
2 (molestia, lata) bother: es un fastidio tener que madrugar tanto, it's a pain having to get up early so often
3 (aburrimiento) bore

' fastidio' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
adiós
- contrariedad
- fastidiar
- fastidiarse
- martirio
- molestia
- pesadez
- rabia
- vaina
- ir
- joder
English:
irritation
- muck up
- tiresomeness
- which
- irritant
- peeved

* * *

fastidio nm

1. [molestia] nuisance, bother;

¡qué fastidio! what a nuisance!

2. [enfado] annoyance

3. [aburrimiento] bore

* * *

fastidio

m annoyance;

¡qué fastidio! what a nuisance!

* * *

fastidio nm

1) molestia: annoyance, nuisance, hassle

2) aburrimiento: boredom

* * *

fastidio n (molestia) drag / nuisance

¡qué fastidio! what a nuisance!

Spanish-English dictionary > fastidio
16 permanente2

² = lingering, perennial, permanent, lasting, enduring, non-volatile [nonvolatile], abiding, standing, enduringly + Adjetivo, continuing, ongoing [on-going].

Ex. Another lingering misconception is that reference work is restricted to reference libraries.

Ex. Housing has become a perennial problem in Britain.

Ex. Abstracts planned primarily as alerting devices may be shorter than those abstracts which are to be stored for permanent reference.

Ex. Only as his experience grew did this young man see that what he did was littered as much, if not more, with failure as it was crowned with success of a lasting kind.

Ex. Archives are set of non-current archival documents preserved, with or without selection, by those responsible for their creation or by their successors for their own use or by other organizations because of their enduring value.

Ex. A data warehouse is a subject-oriented, integrated, time-variant, nonvolatile collection of data in support of management's decision making process.

Ex. The revision and correction of reference works is an abiding concern to the librarian and the user.

Ex. A standing reproach to all librarians is the non-user.

Ex. Thus we need money, intellectual property agreements, and library collaborations to build the massive and accessible collections of enduringly valuable cultural resources that I am proposing.

Ex. They are likely to influence the future function of DC, and the way in which the scheme will evolve, but since there will be a continuing need for shelf arrangement, DC will remain necessary.

Ex. This study has many implications for an ongoing COMARC effort beyond the present pilot project because it is evident that a very small number of libraries can furnish machine-readable records with full LC/MARC encoding.

----

* conferencia permanente = standing conference.

* decisión permanente = permanent arrangement.

* hacer permanente = render + permanent.

* más permanente = longer-lasting.

* orden permanente de pago = standing account.

* papel permanente = durable paper.

* primer molar permanente = first molar.

* PURL (Localizador Uniforme Permanente de Recursos) = PURL (Persistent Uniform Resource Locator).

* ser algo permanente = be here to stay.

* servicio de actualización permanente = current awareness, current-awareness service.

Spanish-English dictionary > permanente2
17 permanente

adj.

permanent.

f.

1 perm.

hacerse la permanente to have a perm

2 permanent, perm, permanent wave.

* * *

permanente

► adjetivo

1 permanent, lasting

► nombre femenino

1 (del pelo) permanent wave

■ se ha hecho la permanente she's had her hair permed

\

FRASEOLOGÍA

servicio permanente 24-hour service

* * *

adj.

permanent

* * *

1.

ADJ [gen] permanent; (=constante) constant; [color] fast; [comisión] standing

2.

SF [en pelo] permanent wave, perm *

hacerse una permanente — to have one's hair permed

* * *
I
adjetivo permanent

servicio permanente de información — 24-hour information service
II
femenino

1) ( en el pelo) perm

hacerse la permanente — to have one's hair permed, to have a perm

2) (Col) ( juzgado) emergency court ( for cases of violent crime)

* * *
I
adjetivo permanent

servicio permanente de información — 24-hour information service
II
femenino

1) ( en el pelo) perm

hacerse la permanente — to have one's hair permed, to have a perm

2) (Col) ( juzgado) emergency court ( for cases of violent crime)

* * *

permanente¹

¹ = permanent wave.

Ex: The domains covered in the performance tests for the area of cosmetology were: hair cut, permanent wave, shampooing, wigs and hairpieces, skin care, hair conditioners (scalp and treatment), and manicuring.

permanente²

² = lingering, perennial, permanent, lasting, enduring, non-volatile [nonvolatile], abiding, standing, enduringly + Adjetivo, continuing, ongoing [on-going].

Ex: Another lingering misconception is that reference work is restricted to reference libraries.

Ex: Housing has become a perennial problem in Britain.

Ex: Abstracts planned primarily as alerting devices may be shorter than those abstracts which are to be stored for permanent reference.

Ex: Only as his experience grew did this young man see that what he did was littered as much, if not more, with failure as it was crowned with success of a lasting kind.

Ex: Archives are set of non-current archival documents preserved, with or without selection, by those responsible for their creation or by their successors for their own use or by other organizations because of their enduring value.

Ex: A data warehouse is a subject-oriented, integrated, time-variant, nonvolatile collection of data in support of management's decision making process.

Ex: The revision and correction of reference works is an abiding concern to the librarian and the user.

Ex: A standing reproach to all librarians is the non-user.

Ex: Thus we need money, intellectual property agreements, and library collaborations to build the massive and accessible collections of enduringly valuable cultural resources that I am proposing.

Ex: They are likely to influence the future function of DC, and the way in which the scheme will evolve, but since there will be a continuing need for shelf arrangement, DC will remain necessary.

Ex: This study has many implications for an ongoing COMARC effort beyond the present pilot project because it is evident that a very small number of libraries can furnish machine-readable records with full LC/MARC encoding.

* conferencia permanente = standing conference.

* decisión permanente = permanent arrangement.

* hacer permanente = render + permanent.

* más permanente = longer-lasting.

* orden permanente de pago = standing account.

* papel permanente = durable paper.

* primer molar permanente = first molar.

* PURL (Localizador Uniforme Permanente de Recursos) = PURL (Persistent Uniform Resource Locator).

* ser algo permanente = be here to stay.

* servicio de actualización permanente = current awareness, current-awareness service.

* * *

permanente¹

adjective

permanent

servicio permanente de información 24-hour information service

una amenaza permanente a permanent o constant threat

permanente²

masculine

( Méx)

permanente³ f A. (↑ permanente (3))

permanente³

feminine

A (en el pelo) perm

hacerse la permanente to have one's hair permed, to have a perm

B ( Col) (juzgado) emergency court ( for cases of violent crime)

* * *

permanente adjetivo
permanent
■ sustantivo femenino
1 ( en el pelo) perm;
◊ hacerse la permanente to have one's hair permed, to have a perm

2 (Col) ( juzgado) emergency court ( for cases of violent crime)
permanente
I adjetivo permanent, constant
II f (en peluquería) perm
hacerse la permanente, to have a perm
' permanente' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
expulsión
- vado
- cajero
- coger
- sustitución
- sustituto
English:
abiding
- have
- perm
- permanent
- regular
- reprieve
- standing
- standing order
- ATM
- cash
- rinse

* * *

permanente

♦ adj

permanent;

comisión permanente standing committee

♦ nf

perm;

hacerse la permanente to have a perm

♦ nm
Méx perm;
hacerse el permanente to have a perm

* * *

permanente

I adj permanent

II f o Méx

m ( moldeado) perm

* * *

permanente adj

1) : permanent

2) : constant

♦ permanentemente adv

permanente nf

: permanent (wave)

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permanente¹ adj permanent

permanente² n perm

hacerte la permanente to have your hair permed

Spanish-English dictionary > permanente
18 Bell, Alexander Graham

SUBJECT AREA: Telecommunications

[br]

b. 3 March 1847 Edinburgh, Scotland

d. 3 August 1922 Beinn Bhreagh, Baddeck, Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia, Canada

[br]

Scottish/American inventor of the telephone.

[br]

Bell's grandfather was a professor of elocution in London and his father an authority on the physiology of the voice and on elocution; Bell was to follow in their footsteps. He was educated in Edinburgh, leaving school at 13. In 1863 he went to Elgin, Morayshire, as a pupil teacher in elocution, with a year's break to study at Edinburgh University; it was in 1865, while still in Elgin, that he first conceived the idea of the electrical transmission of speech. He went as a master to Somersetshire College, Bath (now in Avon), and in 1867 he moved to London to assist his father, who had taken up the grandfather's work in elocution. In the same year, he matriculated at London University, studying anatomy and physiology, and also began teaching the deaf. He continued to pursue the studies that were to lead to the invention of the telephone. At this time he read Helmholtz's The Sensations of Tone, an important work on the theory of sound that was to exert a considerable influence on him.

In 1870 he accompanied his parents when they emigrated to Canada. His work for the deaf gained fame in both Canada and the USA, and in 1873 he was apponted professor of vocal physiology and the mechanics of speech at Boston University, Massachusetts. There, he continued to work on his theory that sound wave vibrations could be converted into a fluctuating electric current, be sent along a wire and then be converted back into sound waves by means of a receiver. He approached the problem from the background of the theory of sound and voice production rather than from that of electrical science, and by 1875 he had succeeded in constructing a rough model. On 7 March 1876 Bell spoke the famous command to his assistant, "Mr Watson, come here, I want you": this was the first time a human voice had been transmitted along a wire. Only three days earlier, Bell's first patent for the telephone had been granted. Almost simultaneously, but quite independently, Elisha Gray had achieved a similar result. After a period of litigation, the US Supreme Court awarded Bell priority, although Gray's device was technically superior.

In 1877, three years after becoming a naturalized US citizen, Bell married the deaf daughter of his first backer. In August of that year, they travelled to Europe to combine a honeymoon with promotion of the telephone. Bell's patent was possibly the most valuable ever issued, for it gave birth to what later became the world's largest private service organization, the Bell Telephone Company.

Bell had other scientific and technological interests: he made improvements in telegraphy and in Edison's gramophone, and he also developed a keen interest in aeronautics, working on Curtiss's flying machine. Bell founded the celebrated periodical Science.

[br]

Principal Honours and Distinctions

Legion of Honour; Hughes Medal, Royal Society, 1913.

Further Reading

Obituary, 7 August 1922, The Times. Dictionary of American Biography.

R.Burlingame, 1964, Out of Silence into Sound, London: Macmillan.

LRD

Biographical history of technology > Bell, Alexander Graham
19 Griffith, Alan Arnold

SUBJECT AREA: Aerospace, Steam and internal combustion engines

[br]

b. 13 June 1893 London, England

d. 13 October 1963 Farnborough, England

[br]

English research engineer responsible for many original ideas, including jet-lift aircraft.

[br]

Griffith was very much a "boffin", for he was a quiet, thoughtful man who shunned public appearances, yet he produced many revolutionary ideas. During the First World War he worked at the Royal Aircraft Factory, Farnborough, where he carried out research into structural analysis. Because of his use of soap films in solving torsion problems, he was nicknamed "Soap-bubble".

During the 1920s Griffith carried out research into gas-turbine design at the Royal Aircraft Establishment (RAE; as the Royal Aircraft Factory had become). In 1929 he made proposals for a gas turbine driving a propeller (a turboprop), but the idea was shelved. In the 1930s he was head of the Engine Department of the RAE and developed multi-stage axial compressors, which were later used in jet engines. This work attracted the attention of E.W. (later Lord) Hives of Rolls-Royce who persuaded Griffith to join Rolls-Royce in 1939. His first major project was a "contra-flow" jet engine, which was a good idea but a practical failure. However, Griffith's axial-flow compressor experience played an important part in the success of Rolls-Royce jet engines from the Avon onwards. He also proposed the bypass principle used for the Conway.

Griffith experimented with suction to control the boundary layer on wings, but his main interest in the 1950s centred on vertical-take-off and -landing aircraft. He developed the remarkable "flying bedstead", which consisted of a framework (the bedstead) in which two jet engines were mounted with their jets pointing downwards, thus lifting the machine vertically. It first flew in 1954 and provided much valuable data. The Short SC1 aircraft followed, with four small jets providing lift for vertical take-off and one conventional jet to provide forward propulsion. This flew successfully in the late 1950s and early 1960s. Griffith proposed an airliner with lifting engines, but the weight of the lifting engines when not in use would have been a serious handicap. He retired in 1960.

[br]

Principal Honours and Distinctions

CBE 1948. FRS 1941. Royal Aeronautical Society Silver Medal 1955; Blériot Medal 1962.

Bibliography

Griffith produced many technical papers in his early days; for example: 1926, Aerodynamic Theory of Turbine Design, Farnborough.

Further Reading

D.Eyre, 1966, "Dr A.A.Griffith, CBE, FRS", Journal of the Royal Aeronautical Society (June) (a detailed obituary).

F.W.Armstrong, 1976, "The aero engine and its progress: fifty years after Griffith", Aeronautical Journal (December).

O.Stewart, 1966, Aviation: The Creative Ideas, London (provides brief descriptions of Griffith's many projects).

JDS

Biographical history of technology > Griffith, Alan Arnold
20 Mansfield, Charles Blachford

SUBJECT AREA: Chemical technology

[br]

b. 8 May 1819 Rowner, Hampshire, England

d. 26 February 1855 London, England

[br]

English chemist, founder of coal-tar chemistry.

[br]

Mansfield, the son of a country clergyman, was educated privately at first, then at Winchester College and at Cambridge; ill health, which dogged his early years, delayed his graduation until 1846. He was first inclined to medicine, but after settling in London, chemistry seemed to him to offer the true basis of the grand scheme of knowledge he aimed to establish. After completing the chemistry course at the Royal College of Chemistry in London, he followed the suggestion of its first director, A.W.von Hofmann, of investigating the chemistry of coal tar. This work led to a result of great importance for industry by demonstrating the valuable substances that could be extracted from coal tar. Mansfield obtained pure benzene, and toluene by a process for which he was granted a patent in 1848 and published in the Chemical Society's journal the same year The following year he published a pamphlet on the applications of benzene.

Blessed with a private income, Mansfield had no need to support himself by following a regular profession. He was therefore able to spread his brilliant talents in several directions instead of confining them to a single interest. During the period of unrest in 1848, he engaged in social work with a particular concern to improve sanitation. In 1850, a description of a balloon machine in Paris led him to study aeronautics for a while, which bore fruit in an influential book, Aerial Navigation (London, 1851). He then visited Paraguay, making a characteristically thorough and illuminating study of conditions there. Upon his return to London in 1853, Mansfield resumed his chemical studies, especially on salts. He published his results in 1855 as Theory of Salts, his most important contribution to chemical theory.

Mansfield was in the process of preparing specimens of benzene for the Paris Exhibition of 1855 when a naphtha still overflowed and caught fire. In carrying it to a place of safety, Mansfield sustained injuries which unfortunately proved fatal.

[br]

Bibliography

1851, Aerial Navigation, London. 1855, Theory of Salts, London.

Further Reading

E.R.Ward, 1969, "Charles Blachford Mansfield, 1819–1855, coal tar chemist and social reformer", Chemistry and Industry 66:1,530–7 (offers a good and well-documented account of his life and achievements).

LRD

Biographical history of technology > Mansfield, Charles Blachford

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